신빈곤층가정 청소년의 경험에 대한 근거이론 연구

Abstract

This study was conducted to understand the neo poor strata family teenager’s changing procedure and comprehend them detail, and aims at developing substance theory that explains experience procedure of the neo poor strata family teenagers. To draw meaning of the neo poor strata family teenager’s experience procedure and comprehend them, grounded theory method was used suggested by Strauss & Corbin(1998) as research method. Participants in this study are 8 teenagers who suffered the neo poor strata family, they were recommended by the social workers and teachers who are working in local community welfare center, self-sufficient center, youth counsel center, youth center and community child center etc, and participants gave their own approval. 6 of the participants moved to the neo poor strata family because of father’s failure in business, and 2 of them move to it because of voluntary resignation. The time of suffering that is moving to the neo poor strata family is that 4 are elementary school period, 3 are middle school period, and 1 is high school period. 5 families escape from the neo poor strata family now. Data collection for this study started from Sep. 2010 to Dep. 2011 with interview, and they were recorded with participant’s approval and gathered. And data collection and analysis work were done simultaneously on the basis of grounded theory procedure, and open coding was done in accordance with Strauss and Corbin(1988)’s data collection method, and core category was found, story outline was written, category relations were drawn by mainly using core category and classify types then situation model was analyzed and substance theory was suggested with integrate with procedure and categories in the selective coding. Conclusion of this study shows 149 concepts, 38 subcategories, and 17 categories in open coding, and category analysis by paradigm in axial coding shows that center phenomenon in the neo poor strata family teenager’s experience procedure is ‘secure safety standards in aberration behavior.’ Cause and effect causing the center phenomenon are ‘family encountered danger’and ‘changing in social status to the neo poor strata family’ and contextual condition impacting on core phenomenon are ‘emotional scar caused from dropping social status,’ ‘heartburn,’ alienation caused from exclusion,’ ‘unavoidable labor for survival’, and ‘delusion from reality.’ Conciliatory condition that promote or deter effect/ interaction strategy about core phenomenon are ‘logging for status of past’ and ‘supportive system.’ Effect/interaction strategy that manage and exert core phenomenon are ‘motivate to new life,’ ‘taking heart,’ ‘accepting reality,’ and ‘hostility against society, and conclusion from these strategies are ‘mature-will expression,’ safe zone establishment’, and ‘seeking for escaping from poor status.’ There are 4 steps of procedure analysis in teenagers experience procedure; ‘motivate to new life’ step that is motivating adapt themselves to new circumstances from changing in economic stratum to the neo poor strata; and ‘taking heart’ step that is making themselves positive by themselves; and ‘accepting reality’ step that is accepting new reality that was changed; and ‘hostility against society’ step that is accepting reality from changing economic status and facing social problem caused by job seeking, re-try for business that bring teenagers to think social problem is the main actor instead of father’s incompetence to make family drop. Also, category analysis shows that experience procedure of teenagers are categorized as ‘limited-will type,’ ‘weak type,’ ‘status quo type,’ and ‘pioneer type.’ ‘Limited-will type’ suffered weak dropping of status, and had strong supportive system and try actively to escape from poverty but not active in conclusion, escaping from the neo poor strata, and leaned on parents that is limited. ‘Weak type’ has suffered relatively long period with the neo poor strata and has passive foundation of supportive system and attitude and takes it negatively, so they have long time to be adapted to new environment. However, they take the environment positively after long time of suffering, and show mature attitude such as seeking stable job in job choice. However, they are passive to escape from the neo poor strata, comparing with other participants, so they still cannot escape from it. ‘Status quo type’ tries to see the circumstance in a positive way in inevitable situation and is adapted actively to new circumstances. They don’t do much of deviated behavior comparing with other types, but they have much higher victim mentality in the middle of adaptation for inevitable reality change. ‘Pioneer type’ acts actively in all circumstances. By themselves, they are the type of taking all the circumstances positively and being adapted and finding new ways. They strongly know how to control themselves in the middle of deviated behavior. They can get safety zone establishment in a mature figure because of they strongly tried to think positively. This study is about the neo poor strata family teenager’s experience by using grounded theory method and has theoretical undertones to contribute to academicize the neo poor strata family teenager’s experience as ‘procedure.’ Because intervention to the neo poor strata family teenagers mainly aims at restoring from emotional scar and heartburn caused by dropping social status and helping them adapt to changed environment, so theoretical basis of ‘procedure’ is essential to support them. However, nowadays studies about the neo poor strata family is actively conducted but the neo poor strata family teenager’s study has not been conducted, and there are no information of what is their experience to suffer changing social stratum to the neo poor strata and what supportive systems are needed. Therefore, this study is theoretically useful that it deals with the neo poor strata family teenager’s experience wholly and deeply, and will be the knowledge basis for understanding their experience procedure. In addition, this study includes examples of the neo poor strata family teenager’s experience procedure so it can give practical data not only for the neo poor strata family teenagers but also for field professionals. In other words, this study delivers their vivid voice that tells procedure of changed environment suffering from dropping economic status to the neo poor strata, so it is very useful because it can give many kind of practical information to teenagers who suffer same difficulties, and data to field professionals.