한국 서비스산업의 수출경쟁력 제고에 관한 연구

Abstract

일반적으로 선진국의 경제는 제조업보다는 서비스산업의 발전으로 변화하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라의 경우 오히려 제조업이 더욱 발전하는 구조 형태를 유지하고 있다. 이러한 배경에는 우리나라는 서비스산업의 발전이 외환위기 이후 지속적인 성장세를 보여주고 있지만 서비스산업이 선진국, 경쟁국들에 비해 비교열위에 직면하고 있고 고부가가치 서비스 업종 비중이 낮아 서비스산업의 부가가치 창출 능력이 약하기 때문이다. 본 논문은 이러한 산업구조를 가지고 있는 한국의 서비스산업 수출경쟁력 강화를 위해 실증분석과 정책적 제언을 제시하고, 기존의 서비스산업 수출경쟁력 강화를 위해 주요 분석도구로 사용되어지는 무역특화지수, 현시비교우위지수 분석 외에 페트로와 허버드의 현시비교우위지수를 도입하여 수출경쟁력 강화를 위한 기존의 수출중심 연구방법에서 탈피하여 수출과 수입의 상관관계 분석을 통해 경쟁력 강화방안에 관한 결과를 제시하였다. 또한 현대 무역이론에서 중심이 되고 있는 전략적무역이론의 시각으로 경쟁력이 높은 산업을 제시하여 향후 한국의 서비스산업 수출을 강화할 수 있는 방안을 돌출시킴으로써 연구의 학술적 가치를 높였다.|The purpose of this paper is presenting export enlargement plan of Korean service industry. Korean service export has cut-offed import by Korean entry barrier, and the demand about foreign service is small in korea. Looking back over the past fifty years, exports have been a major driving engine behind Koreas economic growth. Even at the initial stage, some industries ranging from the wig to the shipbuilding aggressively went after overseas markets. Given that domestic demand was weak, it was no surprise that the Korean economy depended entirely on exports as the sole growth engine. Evaluation of the global environment should be made and the service industry of Korea has to plan strategies for expanding overseas. The top prerequisites for this include gaining an adequate understanding of basic principles for expanding the service market Under the WTO (World Trade Organization) regime and entering into negotiations with foreign trading partners over the liberalization of the service market if necessary, in parallel with getting the whole picture of the Korean service industry to find out our comparative advantage in the service trade, in particular Koreans character, their level of knowledge, consideration for other people, and external attributes. In addition, strategies by sector need to be formulated to boost exports in the service, which calls for meticulous plans of action including efforts in the public sector such as research and development, removal of unnecessary domestic regulations, liberalization of the foreign market, and human resource programs aimed at rising as a service powerhouse. Based on the WTO principles of trade liberalization, Korea should press ahead with the creation of environment favorable to service exports. Negotiations for opening up the market have to continue with trading partners, accompanied by deep understanding and belief of formats and principles for negotiations adopted by the WTO. Unlike goods, the service sector has issues unique to each area, so a unified approach in the negotiation is not suitable. Korean Government protected the Korean service market for manufacturing industry growth, and export of service industry did not think importantly. Korean Government developed primary industry and secondary industry for nation development. But, the importance of service industry is embossed by elevation of income level, desire enlargement of life as economy develops. Economy of advanced nation is changing by development of service industry than manufacturing industry. But, Korea reduces light industry and manufacturing industry is developing more. Korean service industry is showing growth since foreign exchange crisis. But, Korean service industry is low competitive power than advanced nation and competitor nations. Korean service trade is increasing the export amount but TSI, RCA, SH is low competitive power preferably. The problem of Korean service industry appeared by employment aggravation, competitive power aggravation of service industry, the service trade chronic deficit, research and development slump, productive capacity decline. So, Korean Government made growth potential expansion, create jobs of high added value, domestic diversion of foreign countries secession service consumption and open-door policy. According to analysis of this paper, Insurance, banking, computer of Ireland are developing, and Luxemburg is banking, Sweden and Netherlands are loyalty, Switzerland is developed construction, guarantee, banking, computer, Mexico is insurance service, Denmark`s comparative advantage is transport. For development of Korean service industry; The first, The policy of Korean`Service industry should be solidified than support policy of manufacturing industry. Korea should exports through excavation of product that comparative advantage potency is high for improvement of service trade. First of all, Korean service industry development must develop circulation and physical distribution, banking and guarantee, communication service, business service of judicial affairs·accounting·management consulting·engineering·advertisement·design etc. The second, Korean service industry must reclaim new export market such as China. Chinese service industry developed from 21.9% in 1979 to 39.9% in 2005. Korean service industry need service export for China. The third, Korean service industry must pursue diversification of trade policy like the United States of America. American trade policy departs in dichotomisch form of traditional liberalism and protectionism and is changing variously by strategic trade policy Because competitive power of industrial America such as aircraft, semiconductor, information and communication industry. By such analysis and policy, Korean service industry may be advanced nation with strengthening competitiveness, export enlargement, government policy, global of industry.