자유주의적 자본주의의 러시아 연착륙방도에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study focused on finding the conditions and methods through which liberal capitalism, which has been known as an optimal means of economic growth and development can be effectively introduced to socialist countries such as Russia. As professor Francis Fukuyama predicted the period of system collapse of the Soviet exactly in his book titled End of History in 1992, he suggested that history had ended because there would be no more progress after liberal capitalism defeated socialism. The problem is that innovation and open door policies based on liberal capitalism appeared confused and distorted in Russia. Therefore, this study aims to identify where these problems came from and determine some future solutions based on the result. To efficiently introduce liberal capitalism to Russia, the central subject of development should be capitalists, and principles of capitalism that make it real, such as the acceptance of private property and validity of profits, and legal measures of the government to support it. In this aspect, Russia lacked such values and institutional guarantees in the period of the Soviet rule, including the Russian Empire. Therefore, to settle liberal capitalism that has been recognized as having a modern value, much time and effort are needed. Russia had been an equal society where collection of private property was impossible under the socialism system. As civil capability to purchase securities lacked in spite of a measure of private ownership of national enterprises when the market economic system was introduced, bureaucratic ownership was generalized due to a close relationship between political and business society, which caused market functions to be distorted. In addition, liberalism expanded demands of the public as the idea of liberal democracy was introduced and as social controlling power of the government weakened, progressive and stable grafting of new cultures became impossible. Such factors resulted in a moratorium in 1997. Therefore, direct reasons to cause such results include low long-term investment and active short-term investment markets due to poor competitive power of Russian businesses in using foreign capital. And Russia was inclined to economic activation through development of resources and expansion of exports instead of trying to improve competitive power in business. As a result, Russia suffered a fatal blow under global financial crisis beginning in late 2008. In this context, we need to discuss methods to settle liberal capitalism as an optimal means of economic growth in Russia. For this, it should increase industrial funds and technology by attracting long-term foreign funds through active acceptance of globalism, promote employment and growth through expansion of economic scales centering on investment, and develop measures for foreign market conditions and liberal trade by joining the WTO. Finally, as necessary factors to satisfy all these conditions, we should pursue enhanced competitive power in business, development of democracy for preservation of community and educational plans on norms on capitalism.