노인여가복지시설 운동프로그램 참여자의 행복감 무력감 자긍심과 삶의질과의 인과관계

Abstract

This study was conducted in need to suggest a theoretical ground on what relationship was established between participation characteristics and quality of life(QOL) and happiness, self-esteem, and helplessness which were psychological․emotional factors in the elderly. Therefore this study will be used as an instrument to diagnose the elderly's QOL determination and assess practice results objectively by analyzing the relationship between sport programs of senior leisure service facilities and QOL. This study aimed to secure empirical basic materials necessary to determine QOL and execute the revitalization of senior leisure service facilities through it by building up the model for the relationship between participation in senior leisure sport programs and QOL. The theoretical backgrounds consisted of the definition of the elderly, the overview of senior leisure service facilities, the concept and significance of leisure in senescence, the concept of leisure programs, the concepts of happiness, helplessness, and self-esteem, the concept of QOL, and a path analysis. The purpose of this study was to build up the path model for participants' QOL determination in the sport programs of senior leisure service facilities. In other words, this study was intended to examine the positive effects of happiness, self-esteem, and helplessness on participants' QOL determination in the sport programs of senior leisure service facilities and build up the relationship model for QOL determination in the elderly. In order to achieve this purpose, study methods were composed of the subjects of study, measurement instrument, research procedure, and data processing. A questionnaire survey was used to examine the relationship model among path model analyses for participants' QOL determination in the sport programs of senior leisure service facilities. The questionnaire which was tested in reliability and validity in previous researches at home and abroad was requoted, modified, or complemented according to the factors of this study. Two senior leisure service professionals, three graduate students in the master's and doctor's course in senior leisure service, and two managers of senior welfare centers were composed to test the validity of questionnaire. Content validity and item appropriateness was tested and exploratory factor analytic technique was used to test validity. Cronbach's ？, that intends to obtain item internal consistency which is a reliability estimation according to homogeneity level between test items by regarding each item as a separate test, was used to analyze reliability. To analyze the path for participants' QOL determination in the sport programs of senior leisure service facilities, 10 researchers were selected among graduate students in the master's course and were given pre-education. After education, they visited sample population directly, explained the objective of this study sufficiently, read the questionnaire because the subjects were the elderly, and entered their responses in the questionnaire directly. After collecting completed questionnaires, the materials containing duplicate or non-entry items were excluded from analysis and valid samples were coded according to the coding guidance. Coded data was entered in the computer separately and the SPSS Windows 15.0 AMOS 7.0 program was used. There was a partially significant difference in happiness, helplessness, and self-esteem and QOL for demographic characteristics. There was a causal relation between sub-factors of happiness and happiness and there was a significant difference both in positive and negative happiness. There was a partially causal relation between sub-factors of helplessness and helplessness and there was a significant difference only in no confidence. There was a partially causal relation between sub-factors of self-esteem and self-esteem and there was a significant difference only in positive self-esteem. There was a partially causal relation between happiness, helplessness, and self-esteem and QOL and there was a significant difference between happiness and QOL and between self-esteem and QOL. There was a causal relation between QOL and QOL constituent factors and there was a significant difference in social relations, disturbance, positive health perception, resources, and independence. Based on research problems found newly in the process of conducting this study, the following suggestion is provided for further study. First, this study analyzed participants' process of QOL determination in senior leisure service facilities as a structural model. However, since the reasons to determine QOL are various and the sub-factors established in this study are not all, further researchers should conduct continuous researches using various factors through previous researches. Second, this study conducted the path model analysis for participants' QOL determination in the sport programs of senior leisure service facilities. Further researchers should develop a QOL determination model by subdividing factors such as participants and non-participants or private facilities and public facilities.