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염증매개물의 유도과정에서 Pin1의 역할 및 천연물의 항염증효과연구

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Author(s)
유바 라쥐 포카렐
Issued Date
2008
Abstract
류마티스 관절염은 관절의 만성염증에 이어 연골과 뼈의 파괴가 일어나는 자가면역질환이다. Prostaglandins과 proinflammatory cytokines과 같은 면역매개물질이 류마티스 관절염에 관여한다고 보여지고 있다. Peptidyl prolyl isomerase인 Pin1은 암이나 신경퇴행성질환과 같은 몇몇 질환에서 중요한 생리학적 작용을 한다. 우리는 Type II collagen-induced RA mice에서 Pin1과 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)가 높게 발현되어 있는 것을 발견했다. GFP-overexpressed cells에 비해 Pin1-overexpressed HTB-94 cells and 초기 배양된 인간연골조직에서 proinflammatory proteins (COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β)이 매우 증가되어 있었다. Site-specific mutation analyses에 의해 Pin1에 의한 COX-2 유전자의 전사적 활성이 nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB), cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) 그리고 CCAAT-enhancer binding protein 에 의해서도 조절된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Gel shift, reporter gene 과 Western blot analyses를 이용하여 Pin1-overexpressed chondrocyte cellC/EBP line 에서 NF-кB, CREB이 동등하게 활성화 된다는 것을 확인하였다. Pin1의 화학적 억제제인 juglone을 투여한 RA mice의 발목조직에서 RA progress 그리고 COX-2 발현이 매우 감소되었다. 게다가 류마티스 환자의 초기 배양된 인간연골조직에서 COX-2의 발현이 juglone의 농도에 의존적으로 감소 되었다. 이러한 결과들로 류마티스 관절염의 진행 중 Pin1의 합성이 NF-кB, CREB, C/EBP 그리고 AP-1에 의해 proinflammatory protein에 자극이 되고, Pin1이 류마티스 관절염의 치료의 중요한 표적이 된다고 생각하게 되었다.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 그리고 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)의 유도에 의한 비정상적 NO 와 prostaglandin 의 생산이 만성염증의 발생에 관여한다. Selaginella tamariscina 는 동양의학에서 염증의 치료효과를 위해 사용 되어져 왔다. 우리가 S. tamariscina 에서 추출해낸 Taiwaniaflavone 과 2', 8”-biapigenin 이 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 자극시킨 RAW264.7 대식세포에서 iNOS와 COX-2의 합성에 영향이 있는지 실험 하였다. 우리는 Taiwaniaflavone이 p65의 핵으로의 이동을 억제하여 nuclear factor-кB 를 불활성화 시켜 iNOS와 COX-2 유전자의 전사활성을 억제한다는 것을 발견하였다. NF-кB의 활성이 I-кB의 파괴와 그에 따른 인산화에 의해서 일어난다는 것은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 그리고 이번 연구에서 Taiwaniaflavone이 I-кB의 파괴와 인산화를 억제한다는 것을 실험하였다. 우리의 실험의 결과는 Taiwaniaflavone 와 2', 8”-biapigenin이 염증성질환 진행의 예방에 관여한다는 것을 뜻한다.
우리는 최근에 Geranium thunbergii 에서 새로운 리그난 물질인 4-hydroxykobusin 을 분리했다.(Liu et al., 2006). 여기서 우리는 이것이 RAW264.7 세포에서 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 유전자의 발현에 영향을 준다는 것을 연구하였다. 4-hydroxykobusin은 농도의존적으로 LPS에 의한 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)의 발현을 차단하여 NO의 생성을 억제하였다. iNOS억제의 기전을 명확하게 하기 위해 –1.59 kb flanking region 을 이용한 luciferase reporter의 활성을 통하여 4-hydroxykobusin의 iNOS유전자의 전사활성을 실험 하였다. 이 Lignan은 reporter gene의 활성을 억제 하였으며 LPS에 의한 NF-кB 와 AP-1 reporter 활성의 증가 또한 현저하게 차단되었다. 이러한 발견은 LPS에 의한 NO 합성의 억제가 NF-кB 와 AP-1의 활성의 억제에 의한 것임을 의미한다.|Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic inflammation in joints and subsequent destructions of cartilage and bone. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and proinflammatory cytokines are believed to be associated with RA progress. Pin1, a peptidyl prolyl isomerase, plays important pathophysiological roles in several diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. We found that Both Pin1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were highly expressed in ankle tissues of Type II collagen-induced RA mice. In the Pin1-overexpressed HTB-94 cells and -primary cultured human chondrocytes, the basal expression of proinflammatory proteins (COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) was increased compared to the GFP-overexpressed cells. Site-specific mutation analyses revealed that Pin1-mediated transcriptional activation of COX-2 gene was coordinately regulated by nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB), cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein. Gel shift, reporter gene and Western blot analyses confirmed that NF-кB, CREB and C/EBPwere consistently activated in the Pin1-overexpressed chondrocyte cell line. Treatment of RA mice with juglone, a chemical inhibitor of Pin1, significantly reduced the RA progress and COX-2 expression in the ankle tissues. Moreover, the basal COX-2 expression in primary cultured chondrocytes from RA patients was diminished by juglone in a concentration-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that Pin1 induction during RA progress stimulates proinflammatory protein expression by activating NF-кB, CREB, C/EBP and AP-1, and suggest that Pin1 is a potential therapeutic target of RA.
The improper productions of NO and prostaglandins following the inductions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. Selaginella tamariscina is used as an oriental medicine for its anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we isolated taiwaniaflavone and 2', 8”-biapigenin from S. tamariscina and investigated whether taiwaniaflavone, and 2’, 8”-biapigenin affect the induction of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that taiwaniaflavone blocks the transactivations of iNOS and COX-2 genes by blocking the nuclear translocation of p65 and subsequent nuclear factor-кB inactivation. It is known that NF-кB activation is controlled by the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of I-кB, and in the present study, we found that the phosphorylation and degradation of I-кBwere also inhibited by taiwaniaflavone. Our findings indicate that taiwaniaflavone and 2', 8”-biapigenin may provide a developmental basis for an agent against inflammatory diseases.
We recently isolated a novel lignan, 4-hydroxykobusin from Geranium thunbergii (Liu et al., 2006). Here, we studied its effect on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene in RAW264.7 cells. 4-hydroxykobusin inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner and blocked the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). To identify the mechanistic basis for its inhibition of iNOS induction, we examined the effect of 4-hydroxykobusin on the transactivation of iNOS gene by luciferase reporter activity using –1.59 kb flanking region. The lignan suppressed the reporter gene activity and the LPS-induced reporter activations of NF-кB and AP-1 were also significantly blocked by 4-hydroxykobusin. These findings suggest that the inhibition of LPS-induced NO formation by 4-hydroxykobusin is due to its inhibition of NF-кB and AP-1 activation.
Alternative Title
Role of Pin1 in the Induction of Proinflammatory Mediators and the studies on the Anti-inflammatory effects of Phytochemicals
Alternative Author(s)
Yuba Raj Pokharel
Affiliation
일반대학원 약학
Department
일반대학원 약학
Advisor
강건욱
Awarded Date
2009-02
Table Of Contents
Contents i
Abstract…………………………………………………………….iv
List of Abbreviation…………………………………………….. viii
List of Figures and Tables………………………………………...Xi
1. Introduction.
1.1. Definition of inflammation, Etiology and Epidemiologyof RA.
1.1.1. Inflammation……………………1
1.1.2. Rheumatoid Arthritis, etiology and epidemiology.2
1.2. Molecular and cellular pathogenesis of RA…...3
1.3. Role of iNOS and COX-2 in inflammation....6
1.4.Transcriptional regulation of iNOS, COX-2, and role of Pin1...8
1.5.Therapeutic use of Phytochemicals in inflammation..10
2.Study Aim……………………………………………………...12
3.Materials and Methods.
3.1. Materials…………………...13
3.2. CII-induced arthritis and juglone treatment…….13
3.3. Assessment of arthritis…………….14
3.4. Immunohistochemistry………………….15
3.5. Cell culture……………16
3.6. MTT cell viability assay………16
3.7. Measurement of nitrite……………17
3.8.Construction of Pin1 retroviral plasmid and infections...17
3.9.Preparation of nuclear extract and Western blot analysis...18
3.10.Gel shift assay…………..19
3.11.Construction of a COX-2 promoter-luciferase construct and reporter gene assays……………..20
3.12.Construction of an iNOS Promoter-luciferase Construct and NF-B reporter gene assays………21
3.13.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)………………………………………………………….22
3.14.Enzyme-linked imuunosorbent assay (ELISA)…23
3.16. Statistic………………………………………………………..23
Results
Part one
3.Novel Role of Pin1 in Rheumatoid Arthiritis.
4.1. Pin1 induction in arthritic tissues and its role in proinflammatory protein expression…..24
4.2. Pin1-dependent simultaneous activation of NF-B, CREB, C/EBP and AP-1 is required for the COX-2 expression…….32
4.3.Juglone inhibits RA progress in CII-inducible DBA/1J mice and suppresses COX-2 expression in human primary cultured RA chondrocytes……………………………………………………42
4.Discussion………………...46
5.Signal transduction in Pin1……….58
Part two
7. Anti iflammatory effects of some Phytochemicals.
7.1. Effects Taiwaniaflavone, 4-hydroxykobusin and 2′, 8”-biapigenin on the induction of iNOS by LPS………………..59
7.2. Taiwaniaflavone, 4- hydroxykobusin, 2’, 8”-biapigenin inhibits LPS-inducible NF-кB and AP-1 activation………71
7.3. Inhibition of COX-2 induction and PGE2 production by Taiwaniaflavone, 4-hydroxykobusin and 2’, 8”-biapigenin..90
8. Discussion of Natural compounds…...96
9. Conclusion…………...105
10. References…………………………………………………….108
11. Abstract in Korean ………...136
12. Published Papers……...140
14. Acknowledrement………….147
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
조선대학교
Citation
유바 라쥐 포카렐. (2008). 염증매개물의 유도과정에서 Pin1의 역할 및 천연물의 항염증효과연구.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/8044
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000237683
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 4. Theses(Ph.D)
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