학령기 아동의 BMI에 따른 자아존중감, 신체상 및 체중조절행위 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find the differences of body image, self-esteem, and weight control behaviors among underweight, normal weight and obese group. This data will be used for a basic data to develop effective and scientific weight management program for elementary school children. Participants were 512 elementary school students(5th & 6th grade) from three schools located in Gwangju and Gyonggi province. Data were collected from September 1 to 10, 2006 using self-administered questionnaire. Self-esteem was measured by the instrument which developed by Harter(1982) and adapted and revised by Lee(2004), satisfaction of body image was measured by the instrument which developed by Schilder(1984) and adapted and revised Shin(1996), and the meaning of body image was measured by the instrument which developed by Osgood(1957) and adapted and revised by Lee (2004). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, x2-test, t-test or one way ANOVA, and Pearson‘s correlation. The results from this study were as follows. 1. The sample was compromised by underweight group BMI<18.5, 285 (55.5%), normal weight group BMI 18.5-22.9, 185(36%), obese group BMI >23, 43(8.4%). 2. There was a significant difference in self-esteem among three weight groups(F=4.597, p=.011). Thereby the hypothesis 1, "There will be a difference in the self-esteem among groups", was accepted. 3. There was no statistically significant difference in the body image among three groups(F=2.689, p=.069). Thereby the hypothesis 2, "There will be a difference in the body image among groups", was not accepted. 4. There was a statistically significant difference in the weight control behaviors among three groups(x2=50.200, P=.000). Thereby the hypothesis 3, "There will be a relationship between the body weight control behaviors and weight groups" was accepted. 5. There was a statistically significant correlation between self-esteem and body image(r=.720, p=.000). Thereby the hypothesis 4, "There will be a correlation between body image and self esteem" was accepted. The results of this study suggest that self-esteem and body image should be elevated to support psycho-emotional health of elementary school students. Many children in this study perceived their body image subjectively. So, they conducted unnecessary weight control behaviors. Therefore, nurses need to be develop weight control program to develop positive body image and to elevate self-esteem for elementary school students.