유치원시설의 실내공간구성에 관한 건축계획적 연구

Abstract

The fact that man is influenced by a given space, that is, environment in his or her growth has been found in findings of many scholars and importance of architectural space among environments surrounding man is considerably high. Ultimate purpose of architecture is the creation of space suitable to man and it is for users of space. In particular, since experiences in childhood have influence on their adulthood and environment around them has an important influence on their behaviors and may have an ability to correct them, architectural space they reside and live is very important. This study aims to suggest architectural space planning to achieve two purposes of educational program, education and care, examine problems of educational facilities through survey of kindergartens, suggest their improvement methods, analyze spaces for education, service and management as field observation and draw optimal space scale of kindergarten facilities. Board of education under the supervision of local governments regulates education unit, standard area a person and proper area of game room a person at kindergarten facilities, but there is no standard of appropriate scale throughout the kindergarten facilities. This study examined actual conditions of 39 kindergartens in Seoul, Busan, Gwangju and Cheongju. It analyzed and examined their actual conditions through actual survey and questionnaire from viewpoint of planning, observed space within kindergarten facilities based on field survey and presented a desirable spatial plan. Spatial correspondence to educational programs was ideal, but analysis results of actual survey have great actual restrictions. Therefore, results of presenting planning standard of kindergarten space and early childhood education space for the purpose of improving architectural environment of kindergartens in Korea are summarized as follows. Preconditions of spatial planning standard of kindergarten included understanding of characteristics of infant development, estimation of appropriate scale, ergomechanic design and safety conditions. Learning space, cleaning space and play space are organically connected according to characteristics of infant development. Plane types were divided into one-side corridor, double corridor, playroom, hall-centered and independent type and related architectural cases were analyzed. Consequently, it was found that hall-centered and playroom centered types were preferred. Scales of kindergarten were divided into small scale (40 children), middle scale (100 children) and large scale (160 children). Enforcement regulations of infant education law defined the minimum standard as 1.65㎡/person, but it is not appropriate space to perform various educational programs. Mean value of classroom area a person in architectural environment survey was 2.47㎡/person and questionnaire of appropriate area of classroom was 2.44㎡/person. Therefore, it was suggested that minimum classroom area a person was 2.3㎡/person and appropriate classroom area was 2.5㎡/person in consideration of actual conditions of Korea. According to related laws of kindergarten, total floor area an infant was 5㎡/person, but it was pointed out that secondary space of action other than classroom was insufficient. Therefore it was suggested that appropriate classroom area a person was 2.5㎡/person, minimum total floor area a person was 7.3㎡/person and appropriate total floor area a person was 7.6㎡/person in consideration of actual conditions of Korea and architectural cases. Functional placement of kindergarten should be done to make organic relations among classrooms to make classroom, playroom, office and toilet be placed on the same plane for the purpose of qualitative improvement of classroom. As a result of analyzing actual status of spatial use, restaurant and special classroom should be considered in planning of educational programs. With results found in analysis of patterns for appropriate spatial formation, classroom, toilet, playroom, office, material room and warehouse should be placed closely to shorten circulation of children. 20 children a teacher is appropriate as educational space and classrooms are composed of such areas as language, symbol, exploration, manipulation, music, art works and muscular activities. Integrated education space places toilet within classroom and separated education space connects toilet and classroom.