어린이 식생활 검사로 본 광주지역 영유아와 부모의 식생활 실태조사

Abstract

In recent years, food safety for infants and toddlers is increasingly at serious risk. In particular, the risks and health problems of high blood pressure, diabetes, and infant obesity are becoming more serious due to exposure to high-calorie and low-nutrition foods. In addition, due to the increase in double-income couples and economic changes, eating out frequently and infants' consumption of processed foods is increasing, resulting in irregular diets for infants and toddlers. Infants and toddlers are a time when growth and development occur quickly and actively, learn the behavior of touching and eating food on their own, form preferences for food, and have individual characteristics in their diet. It is also an important time for social development as well as physical development. In particular, the relationship between infant development and eating habits is a very essential part. Eating habits formed during this period affect the type or preference of food to be consumed later, so they affect the long-term health status that lasts until adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, solving the problem of picky eating in infants and toddlers is very important in that it manages not only the health status of children but also the nutritional status that lasts until adulthood and prevents chronic diseases. Therefore, this study supports various theories to check the characteristics of eating habits, eating development, and eating habits formed in infants and toddlers. The conclusions obtained through this study are as follows. First, it was found that the average sleep time and the average meal time of the subjects of this study were relatively good. Second, the average number of meals per day and intake by each food group of the subjects of this study showed good results, but kimchi intake was lower than other foods. Third, the breakfast fasting rate of the subjects of this study was not high, but the intake of processed and fast food was relatively high. This seems to be increasing the intake rate of fast food due to the increase in double-income couples and various factors, and the frequent intake of fast food is especially related to obesity and adult disease in infants and toddlers, so it is necessary to control fast food intake. Likewise, the balance of food bacteria and the soundness of snacks in this study appear to be dangerous. It was investigated that processed food intake causes hypersensitivity in children with atopic dermatitis in infants and toddlers, so it is considered that there is a high need to reduce children's intake rate of processed food and manage their diet properly. Fourth, the eating development and dietary substrate characteristics of the subjects of this study were found to be relatively good. Media early exposure also showed good results, but exposure to media such as TV and smartphones at meals interferes with meals, chewing and swallowing, so it needs to be improved, and proper meal guidance at home is needed so that children can eat on their own. Fifth, in terms of dietary substrate characteristics and dietary habit characteristics, children included in the caution or risk group had irregular meal times and times than those included in the non-risk group, and the difference in intake by food group was found to be greater. Since the irregularity of meals and the difference in intake of food groups have a great influence on the growth and development of infants and toddlers, parental guidance at home is expected to be necessary. Sixth, among the characteristics of parents' dietary behavior, parents' self-indulgence affects the child's meal time and eating on their own, and it was found that parents' dietary irregularities were related to the child's dietary irregularities. Parents' dietary attitudes directly affect the sociality and growth of infants and toddlers, so it is considered important to form desirable eating habits.