광주지역 일부 초등학생의 영양상태 및 영양소 섭취 수준에 영향을 미치는 식습관 요인에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study was conducted to know the correlationship of dietary habit elements of a child with daily nutrient intake level. For that purpose, body size measurement was performed for 354 children registered in 3～4th grades of elementary schools in the region of Kwangju (Male: 179, Female: 175) and general content, living habits, dietary habit(dietary behavior), food intake frequency, and 24-hour recall method were investigated through questionnaires. The height of male and female students respectively showed 137.0±6.6㎝ and 137.1±7.2㎝. Body weight of male and female students recorded 34.5±7.7㎏ and 33.7±8.2㎏, respectively. The body fat percent(%) of male and female students respectively showed 20.3±8.8% and 22.0±8.3%. The body fat percent(%) of the 3rd grade students recorded 20.9±8.5%, while that of the 4th grade students recorded 21.4±8.6%. The body fat percent(%) of female students was higher than that of male students. The body fat percent(%) of the 4th grade students was higher than that of the 3rd grade students, but no significant difference was observed by sex and by the grade of students.In case of Body mass index(BMI), male and female students showed 18.2±3.1㎏/m2 and 17.7±3.0㎏/m2, respectively. The BMI of the 3rd grade and the 4th grade students respectively showed 17.7±2.9㎏/m2 and 18.3±3.1㎏/m2. The BMI also did not show significant difference by sex and by grade. Compared to the daily intake level of male students, that of female students showed significantly higher intake of energy and niacin (p<0.001), dietary fiber and riboflavin (p<0.01), and thiamin (p<0.05). Compared to the 3rd grade students, the daily intake levels of energy, protein, sodium, zinc, thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin revealed to be significantly higher in the 4th grade students (p<0.001), calcium, vitamin Aand vitamin B (p<0.01) along with significantly higher intake of iron (p<0.05) in the 4th grade students. The nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR) of zinc, thiamin, riboflavin in female students was significantly higher than that of male students (p<0.001), iron and vitamin A (p<0.01) along with significantly higher NAR of female students in protein and calcium (p<0.05). The mean adequacy ratio(MAR) of female students was significantly high (p<0.01). The nutrients that recorded more than 1.0 of Index of nutritional quality(INQ) were found to be in the order of protein, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. The nutrients with less than 1.0 of INQ were found to be calcium and folic acid. Depend upon the TV watching time, the sodium intake level showed significant difference (p<0.05). For those of students who do not skip morning meals tend to show significantlyhigher intake level of energy, protein, phosphorus, sodium, calcium, zinc, and niacin (p<0.01) along with the higher intake of riboflavin and folic acid (p<0.05). As the amount of regular meal is heavy, the intake level of protein and riboflavin was significantly high (p<0.05). In addition, the frequentintake of snacks was related to the significantly higher intake level of energy, calcium, and phosphorus (p<0.001), protein, sodium, and potassium (p<0.01) along with the higher intake level of dietary fiber, zinc, riboflavin, and niacin (p<0.05). As the children completely finish their meals, the intake level of potassium was significantly high in the level of p<0.01 along with the higher intake of protein, dietary fiber, phosphorus, iron, and vitamin C in the level of p<0.05.