조선시대의 차문화산업 육성정책 연구

Abstract

A Study on the Policies of Promoting Tea Culture Industries in Chosun Dynasty

Park Hye Ran Advisor : Prof. Hwang Byung-ha, Ph.D. Department of International Tea Culture Graduate School of Chosun University

This study aims at researching the policies of promoting tea culture industries in Chosun dynasty. For this purpose, I would like to study on the development process of tea culture in Chosun Dynasty, the examples of policies of promoting tea culture in Chosun Dynasty, and the application of promoting tea culture policies into modern tea culture industries. As for the development process of tea culture, I divided the Chosun dynasty into 3 periods, the beginning period of dynasty, the middle period of dynasty, and the later period of dynasty. And I would like to focus on the three important classes related with tea ceremony and industries. They are the royal family, the literary class, and monk class in the temples. The royal family and its officials had performed their tea ceremonies in the palace for their rituals and the reception of foreign envoys in the whole period of Chosun Dynasty. The literary scholars in Chosun Dynasty had continued their tea drinking during their works and meetings and communications. The monks in the temple had planted and produced tea in the temple from Koryo Dynasty, and distributed it to their friends and other monks. The main areas of producing teas in Chosun Dynasty were Youngnam area and Honam area. So it is said Chosun Dynasty was the most energetic period of tea ceremonies and industries. This is the reason why I want to research on the tea culture industries in Chosun dynasty. And this period was entitled to be regarded as the most developed period of tea culture industries in Korean history, and have the most various phenomenons of tea culture development. And it will give us the vividest examples of tea culture and its industries for the future tea culture industries in Korea. In researching on the Chosun Dynasty tea culture, we have to focus on the practical science thought(Shilhak) in the later part of Chosun dynasty. Because the Shilhak had played the most powerful factors and motives in the development of tea culture in the later Chosun dynasty, and give us the most reliable sources for studying tea culture in the later part of Chosun dynasty. But in spite of development of tea culture in the later part of Chosun dynasty, it has not been continued as we imagined. The Chosun Dynasty was perished from the Korean history because of Japanese occupation. During this period, Japan forcefully took the products of tea culture industries from Korea. It means the stop of Korean tea culture and its history, and the loss of Korean tea culture identity. For this study, I divided the period of Chosun dynasty into three stages, the 1st stage from the beginning of Chosun dynasty to Japanese invasion of Chosun dynasty, the 2nd stage from Japanese invasion upon Chosun dynasty to the period of King Youngjo, and the 3rd period from King Youngjo to the King Kojong. In chapter 2, I researched on the stagnation of the 1st stage of Chosun dynasty's tea culture and its industries. the influences of policy of promoting of Confucianism and oppressing Buddhism, the decrease of the traditional tea ceremony, and the decrease of tea consumption In addition to that, I studied on the decrease of the literary class's tea consumption, the fall of tea production and self-sufficiency of tea production, the decrease of social and economical influence of the monk class. And also I researched on the tea culture industries in the middle of Chosun dynasty. I said this period as the period of tea culture industries' transition. During and after the Japanese invasion of Chosun dynasty and the Chinese invasion of Chosun dynasty, delegations from China had continuously come to Chosun dynasty. In the royal palace, traditional tea ceremony had held every day. It means the development of tea culture industries in the middle of Chosun dynasty. The most popular Korean tea being served to the delegation was Jakseol tea. This tea has planted and produced from Honam and Youngnam province. And the illustrious officials in Chosun dynasty had visited China and Japan, and introduced Chinese tea culture and Japanese tea culture imto Chosun dynasty. Especially, they introduced the system of tea monopoly selling, and advised to the kings to practice and manage their system in Chosun dynasty. But the problem we found is some kings did not know the tea and tea culture industries well. And I studied on the inter-relationship between the practical science thought and tea culture in the later period of Chosun dynasty. It is said that the thought of Practical Science was helpful in pursuing social and economical and cultural changes in the later period of Chosun dynasty, and tea culture contributed for the development of Practical Science. Practical Science had removed traditional social inconsistency in Chosun dynasty, pursued economical development through social changes, developed practical culture through utility and convenience, and expanded tea trade for strengthening national finances and defense ability. Scholars of Practical Science had insisted that the dynasty controlled tea production and trade, and was using tea as an important means to increase national finances. Also the scholars of Practical Science magnified and expanded the superiority of Korean tea culture in the social life through using Chinese tea. In chapter 3, I researched on the promoting policies of Tea Culture in Chosun dynasty. I divided this chapter into three parts, and in the 1st part tea tribute system was described, in the 2nd part tea buying system and monopoly system by the dynasty was studied, and the 3rd part state organizations and systems related with tea were introduced. As for the state organizations and systems, I introduced Dabang system, Dasi system, Sangda system, Damo system, and Daso system. In chapter 4, I researched on the application of Chosun dynasty’s tea promoting policies into modern tea culture and its industries. I divided this chapter into three part. In the 1st part I introduced the possibility of developing modern tea culture in the industrial point of view, in the 2nd part I researched on the justification of succeeding traditional Korean tea culture in the cultural point of view, and in the 3rd part I discussed on the way of practical tea drinking and tea popularizing in the modern Korean society.