글로벌 가치사슬에서의 한국 전기전자산업의 국제경쟁력 분석

Abstract

Recently, the share of intermediate goods in the global value chain structure is increasing rapidly. Therefore, the related research using the existing total quantity standard trade data, which was made under the premise of the traditional international trade theory of the exchange of the final goods, has the problem that the intermediate goods trade is calculated in duplicate before the production and sale of the final goods. This has led to errors in the trade surplus of the countries and industries located in the infrastructure of the global value chain and the overestimation of the contribution of total exports to the domestic economy. Under this problem, this study decomposes the global export by using the 2016 edition of WIOT. Unlike previous studies using gross export data, this study uses the value added export data calculated through total export decomposition to analyze the trade structure and competitiveness of the Korean electrical and electronic industry with added value criteria . Finally, it suggests ways to enhance competitiveness of the Korean electrical and electronics industry. The results of analyzing the value added standard trade structure and international competitiveness of the electric and electronic industry are summarized as follows. First, the global electrical and electronic industry total exports amounted to $ 2.43 trillion by 2014, with the market share (MS) of the total amount accounting for 33.4% of total exports, showing an absolutely high ratio. However, China's market share declined to 25.5% due to the share of exports of intermediate goods, while Korea and Taiwan had market share of 9.8% and 9.3%, respectively. This means that the electricity and electronics industry trade structure in Korea and Taiwan is specialized in intermediate goods trade. Second, if we look at the share of domestic value added in total exports, South Korea and Taiwan account for 60% of the total exports. However, it can be seen that overseas value added account for a high proportion close to 30%.If we look at the value-added export structure like Taiwan and Korea positively, it can be interpreted that Korea has a high degree of combination of global value chain. On the other hand, exports do not make a significant contribution to the international economy, which means that the rate of domestic economic income generation of exports is low. Finally, as a result of comparing the competitiveness of the RCA index with the NRCA index, it can be seen that Taiwan has the highest competitiveness in both the RCA competitiveness index and the NRCA competitiveness index. In China, the RCA index ranked second in the global value chain, but dropped to third when compared with the NRCA index. In the case of Korea, RCA has risen from the third rank to the second highest in NRCA competitiveness based on high GVC coupling. In the case of Mexico, however, it dropped from the RCA standard level of 3 to the NRCA standard industrial competitiveness level. This is because Mexico is importing intermediate goods rather than technological competitiveness in the electrical and electronics industry and mainly processing trade.