한·중 FTA 체결에 따른 한반도 서해안 항만물류체계의 개발방향

Abstract

The development status of national transport and logistic system is one of the key factors to decide its international competitiveness. With the increasing development of information and communication technology, the integration of transport & logistic system with informations of commodities, wholesale trade & financial transactions would be possible, and this expectation fortifies the economic importance of effective logistic system. The west coast area of Korea could confront an opportunity of iridescent development thanks to the surge of northeast economic region and the Korea-China FTA signed on June 1st, 2015, so called "an advent of the age of the west coast of the Korean peninsula" This study performs a fundamental research to find the major ports of the west coast for the suitable development strategy based on the Korea-China FTA, and the necessity of integrated logistic system is derived for those ports with analysis of the present status and problems of maritime logistic flow between Korea and China. Besides, a programing model is designed to investigate quantitatively the location and scale of the integrated logistic terminals, i.e., the major ports. As a mathematical programming technique, the mixed integer programming method is applied to investigate locations of important west coast's ports (WCPs) which could lead to a maximum reduction of transportation costs with minimized port facility investments. The findings of the analysis are as follows: ① The role of WCPs in terms of China cargo handling will be increasing while the role of the Busan Port is expect to be relatively decreasing. This is because those WCPs are located closely both to the major inland demand area and to the east coast of China and therefore, because they could take a comparative advantage with respect to the transport-distance. ② The cargo handling of Incheon Port is found to be increased outstandingly since the port-related infrastructure of the Incheon is relatively well equipped with the large volume of cargo-flows in/out of China at present. The port capacity of Incheon is needed to be expanded up to 108.5% of the present capability. Besides, the necessity of remodeling and upgrading of the Incheon Port targeting integrated logistic hub of the metropolitan area is urgently required, and the strategic planning of such remodeling would be suggested according to the trade progress between Korea and China. For the enhancement of Incheon Port's competitiveness, the direct underground rail-connection is highly recommended between the Incheon Port and inland container depot located at Euiwang City. The direct container loading system from the cargo vessel to train/truck is also recommended for the Incheon Port competitiveness. ③ The Ports of Pyungtaek and Kunsan Cities are pointed as the new candidates for another major ports together with the Incheon Port handling cargos of the Yellow-Sea region. The Pyungtaek Port is expected to grow as the second largest port of the west coast area, and the rate of required facility expansion of the Port was calculated as 135.9% of the present capacity. The cargo handling rate of the Kunsan Port would be increased up to the capacity limit of the Port, however the expansion of the Kunsan Port is not necessarily required. The Kunsan Port should also be remodeled and equipped towards so called integrated port logistic Depot together with the Pyungtaek Port. Besides, the development strategy of Kunsan Port should consider the future construction plan of the Saemankum Port so that the new born Kunsan-Saemankum Port could successively and economically function as a competitive major port of the west coast area. The planned capacity of the international scale Kunsan-Saemankum Port will be 28 births combining 8 births of Kunsan and 20 birth of Saemankum in 2020. However, those facility expansion should follow the stepwise process according to its role-increase based on trade volume between the two countries regardless of the target year. The future candidates as the major ports of west coast area should be upgraded toward the integrated logistic depot in themselves such that those ports are efficiently and economically connected with other inland freight depots through hub & spoke transporting system. The inland cargo transport system should also be switched from truck-oriented system to rail-oriented one. The governmen's policy should also focus on remodelling domestic ports toward integrated logistic space even above the international standard in order that the WCPs could successfully perform as the logistic maritime hub of the northeast economic region including Korea, China and Japan.