영유아보육정책이 기혼여성의 출산의지에 미치는 영향

Abstract

The Effects of Childcare Policy on Married Woman’s Childbirth Intention : Focusing on Moderating Effects of Personal Characteristics

Han Eun-Suk Advisor : Prof. Park Hwie-Seo. Ph.D. Departmant of Social welfare Graduate School of Chosun University

This paper has the purpose to investigate whether the childcare policy has any impact on the willingness of married women's childbirth. Currently, Korea's low birth rate is very serious and the total fertility rate is the lowest level in the world. World's total fertility rate in 2015 is 2.51 people, while Korea's total fertility rate in 2014 is 1.2 people which is less than half of the world's total fertility rate. Such a low fertility phenomenon makes serious social and economic problems, and the burden to feed the aging population is increasing. Many national budget is compilated for the major childbirth policy, and research is actively underway in the birth rate problem in academia, but it has not increased the birth rate. Therefore, this research is aimed to look how currently being conducted childcare policy had any effect on fertility willingness and provide direction for the low birth rate solution. The configuration of this paper is as follows. For the purposes of this study, the parents to send the children to the day care center located in Gwangju Metropolitan City were requested to answer given questions and surveyed. Total of 250 parts of questionnaires were distributed and 215 were collected, 208 parts of which were used in the final analysis. The sampling method was comforts extraction (convenience sampling), one of the non-probability sample extraction (nonprobability sampling). The analysis of the collected data was conducted by the frequency analysis, T test and the members arranged distributed analysis to investigate the perceptions of childcare policy. The regression analysis were conducted to prove reliability through each factor analysis, to analyze if the dependent variable, fertility willingness and the four variables of childcare policy are corelated and impact between them. The result of analysis are as follows. First, the perception of married women for the childcare policy if it is helpful to raise their children were examined as ordinary. In addition, higher awareness of the childbirth of married women when around family care support. This suggests the importance of creating conditions to take care of their children directly, as well as policy support. Second, investigation of the will of child birth by personality traits was most high in 36-40 years old, and the that of married woman with more than six million won higher incomes are the highest. This represents that the women with more old and stable income have more willingness of Childbirth. Third, to verify if the adjust variables has adjust effect in the adjust effect analysis of the personal characteristics, regression analysis was conducted. As a result, childcare support, child care expansion, influence of the Nuri Curriculum policy to willingness of childbirth is depending on the child's worth. However, socio-cultural composition did not have a significant impact on the regulatory effects analysis. In addition, effects of childcare expansion on willingness of childbirth showed that there are differences depending on education. And, effects of childcare support on the willingness of childbirth showed that it depends on the surrounding family support. That is the government's childcare support has been found to affect positively the willingness of birth when there is family care support around. In this study, the factors that lead maternity commitment to child care policy based on existing research related to the low birth rate were to empirically analyze the relationship between low fertility and child care policies. Looking to present a rational policy implications of child care policies directly related to childbirth commitment through this study are as follows. First, childcare support policies require a variety of approaches tailored to childcare support for working-Family Balance. Second, to improve the quality of life of women social culture of gender equality should be created. Third, the childcare and education courses that are dual to the day care center and kindergarten have integrated into Nuri Curriculum policy, but it is not stabilized yet and need to be responsible for the financial support from the Government. Fourth, to strengthen the quality of child care services, open day care center condition creating policy which directly relieve the burden of bringing up children should be prepared. Fifth, one of the variables of child care policy for a quantitative expansion of the childbirth of married women, expanding public daycare centers will have to be presented in detail. A new day care center that can function as public childcare infrastructure and parents can leave their children in trust by adapting public and autonomous daycare center is necessary.

Keywords: child care policy, delivery commitment, the low birth rate