저소득국가의 경제성장 결정요인에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study aims to check the result of an analysis of aids according to the purpose, unlike preceding studies dealing with aids and economic growths, which have analyzed the sum of the entire aids and the impacts on the economic growths. Most preceding studies were conducted simply on the efficacy of official development assistance (ODA) on the economic growth using its sum total, but as recently, studies subdividing the sectors of ODA have begun and analyses have been in progress, and yet, the results of the analyses differ depending on each study, so a question about the effectiveness of assistance still remains.

This study first reviewed related theories, carrying out a literature review of the domestic and overseas preceding studies of the economic growth and built empirical analysis models based on the theoretical background reviewed. As for the empirical analysis models, three models were set up by differing the categories of ODA, and in all three models, dependent variable included GDP per each economically active person by country, while independent variables included the GDP to investment ratio, a production element representing material capital and the ratio of economically active population to the entire population, a production element representing human capital, and the rate of accessibility to hygienic facilities to the entire population, based on the idea that the improvement of hygienic facilities will increase productivity.

In order to check the effects of the infrastructure sector in ODA on the economic growth, which was the main focus of analysis in this study, by differing the categories of ODA, the amount of the ODA executed per each economically active person was included as an independent variable in the first model; the amounts executed for social infrastructure and service and economic infrastructure and service were added as independent variables to the second model; and the amounts executed for the representative sub-sectors of social infrastructure and service, such as education, health care and drinking water sectors were included as independent variables in the third model.

To sum up the results of an empirical analysis, the effects of the total amount of the entire assistance on the economic growth was not obvious. In contrast, in the results of the analysis that divided aids by two fields, it was found that the values of the coefficients in social infrastructure and service sector of the bilateral aids was statistically significant, and when the categories of the aids were subdivided further and the effects of the representative sub-fields of social infrastructure service were analyzed, it was found that education field had positive (+) effects on the economic growth and health field had negative (-) effects. Although we couldn't confirm the effects of the all ODA sectors, this study was an appropriate attempt in that it considered the characteristics of each aid and analyzed the effects of the aids on the economic growth according to their characteristics and purposes.