조선후기 다포계 주불전 살미의 특징에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study aims to find out the characteristics of Salmi in the Buddhist halls of Dapo style in late Chosun Era. Salmi is one of components that has various shape and makes unique external appearance of Gong-po. Salmi is one of key elements, bares architectural characteristics depending on its region or period. There have been studies on Gong-po which tends to focus on the traditional architecture of National Treasures excluding Local Heritage. This study focuses on not only National Treasures but also Local Cultural Heritages. Futhermore, it identifies elements and characteristics of Salmi in Buddhist halls of Dapo style. The research methods include literature investigation and site visits of 43 National Treasures and 64 Local Cultural Heritages of Buddhist halls with Dapo style.

The conclusions are as follows.

1. There are four elements composing the external Salmi in Buddhist halls with Dapo style. They are ‘Decorative element’, ‘Height of the end of Soeseo’, ‘The shape of the beak of Soeseo’, and ‘The angle of diagonal cut of Soeseo’s edge’.

2. The ‘Decorative elements’ has 5 types depending on the whether Salmi has decorative parts or not, and its shape. The types having no decorative parts are divided into “Gyodu type", “Soeseo type”. The types with decorative parts are classified into “Chogak type”(carved on the Salmi), and “Lotus bud type”(lotus bud carved on the Salmi) and the “Lotus flower type” (lotus flower carved on Salmi).

3. ‘Height of the end of Soeseo’ is classified into “Soeseo down type”, “Soeseo up type” and “Soeseo same height type”. “Soeseo down type” has the shape formed at the initial stage of Dapo style Gong-po’s Soeseo. It has the form in which the Soeseo goes down the body of Salmi and most type of “Soeseo type”. “Soeseo up type” has the form in which the Soeseo goes up above the body of Salmi. “Soeseo same height type” is the type in which the bottom of the body of salmi is the same height with that of the bottom of Soeseo.

4. ‘The shape of the beak of Soeseo’ is classified into “Uniform type”, “Slim end type” and “Expand end type”. “Uniform type” is the type in which the Soeseo in the staring section has the same height as the ending section of Soeseo. “Slim end type” is the type in which the Soeseo gets slimmer as it goes to the end. “Expand end type” is the type in which the height of Soeseo goes higher as it goes to the end. The ‘Uniform type’ and the ‘Slim end type’ are combined with ‘Soeseo type’ and often applied at the early stage of late Chosun period. The ‘Expand end type’ were combined with ‘Lotus bud type’ and ‘Lotus flower type’ and they were often used at the last stage in the late Chosun period.

5. ‘The angle of diagonal cut of Soeseo’s edge’ is classified into “10∼35° angle type”, “35∼65° angle type”, “65∼90° angle type”. Though “10∼35° angle type” is not much used but it shows the long and sharp Soeseo as its angle is small. “35∼65° angle type” is the most widely used type. “65∼90° angle type” has the strong and stable Soeseo as its angle is almost the right angle.

6. If the Salmi is classified by period of 17th century, 18th century and 19th century and afterwards, it had different shapes. In 17th century, many Buddhist halls were rebuilt after Japanese Invasion. The “Gyodu type” and “Soeseo type” were widely used. From 1650, the “Soeseo - Same height type” was more widely used than “Soeseo - Down type”. In 18th century, the decorative trend of Salmi made a lot of changes. The types of “Gyodu type", “Soeseo type” and “Chogak type” were less used while the “Lotus bud type” and “Lotus flower type” were more common. In the 19th century and afterwards, the changes in Salmi had been settled. The types of “Gyodu type", “Soeseo type” and “Chogak type” were not used but the “Lotus flower type” was used instead.

7. It was found out that there were regional characteristics in 6 areas. In “Gyeong-sang Inland Area”, the ‘Gyodu type’, ‘Soeseo - Same height type’, ‘Soeseo - Up type’ and ‘Lotus flower - Same height type’ appeared a lot and in “Southern coastal area”, the ‘Soeseo - Same height type’, ‘Soeseo - Up type’ and ‘Lotus flower - Same height type’ were located along the Southern coast line. In the “Western area of Geumnam mountain range and Honam mountain range”, ‘Lotus bud - Same height type’ tends to appear. In “downstream area of Seomjin River” and “Byeonsan Peninsula”, ‘Soeseo - Down type’ was found. ‘Lotus flower - Down type’ was found in “Jeon-la inland area”.

This study deals with the Local Cultural Heritages as well as the National Treasures of 107 Dapo style Buddhist halls with 109 Gong-po. It aims to identify the differences in Gong-po with Dapo style in terms of types, period and regions. In addition, this study indicates a number of futher areas for research into not only external Salmi but also internal Salmi in relations to wider regions.