고혈압·당뇨병 환자의 자기효능감에 따른 영양위험도 및 식생활과의 관련성 연구

Abstract

ABSTRACT

A Study on the Relevance of Nutritional Risk and Dietary Life on Self-efficacy of Hypertension and Diabetes

Shin In Woo Advisor : Prof. Kim Bok-Hee, Ph. D. Department of Food and Nutrition Graduate School of Chosun University

This study investigated general environmental factors, hypertension and diabetes control, self-efficacy, nutritional risk, a measurement of diet with nutritional risk, conformity to dietary guidance, and nutritional intake levels targeting 70 patients who were attending a hypertension and diabetes center to evaluate the relationships between the self-efficacy of the subjects, nutritional risks, and their diet. The results are presented as follows; The scores for nutritional risk depending on marriage status were 6.8±3.3 for the married group and 10.1±3.2 for the group whose spouses had passed away. The risk was higher for subjects that did not have spouses(p<0.001). In comparing the nutritional intakes of the subjects based on Estimated Energy Requirements(EER), it was discovered that the daily salt intake for the married group was 176.2%, and that of the group whose spouses had passed away was 137.8%. The vitamin E levels for the married group were 53.9%, and that of the group whose spouses had passed away was 93.8%, which showed a significant difference between them(p<0.05, p<0.05). The scores for nutritional risk depending on educational levels were 8.3±3.6 for those who had graduated elementary school and 6.5±3.2 for those who had graduated from middle-school. The scores were higher in the group that had only elementary school education than for those who had graduated from middle-school (p<0.05). The intake rates for carbohydrates as calories were 77.1% for those that had graduated from elementary school and 71.0% for those that had graduated from middle-school. The intake rates were higher in the elementary school educated group than in the middle-school educated group(p<0.05). The scores for nutritional risk with respect to monthly income were 7.8±3.6 for those that made less than 1,000,000 Won and 5.0±2.6 for those who made more than 1,000,000 Won. The lower the monthly income, the higher the nutritional risk(p<0.05). In comparing the nutritional intake based on EER, the calcium intake for those who made below 1,000,000 Won per month was 47.4% and that for those who made more than 1,000,000 Won was 24.2%. The difference was significant(p<0.05). The intake rate of carbohydrates for those who made less than 1,000,000 Won was 76.1% and that for the group who made over 1,000,000 Won was 65.8%. This difference was also significant(p<0.05). In comparing the quantiles in diagnosing exercise, the diets with nutritional risks and eating quality in those that exercised was higher(p<0.05), the scores for conformity to dietary guidance depending on exercise for those who exercised was 43.0±5.9 and that for those who did not exercise was 36.5±5.2. The scores for the subjects that exercised was higher(p<0.001). In comparing nutritional intake based on EER, the riboflavin intake for those that exercised was 43.4% and that for those that did not exercise was 30.3%. Vitamin E intake for the former was 2.3% and that for the latter was 45.0%. Intake of both nutrients in the subjects who exercised was higher (p<0.05, p<0.05). In comparing the quantiles for smoking and in diagnosing the dietary life with nutritional risk, the food quality for those who did not smoke was higher (p<0.05). As for nutritional intake depending on smoking, the intake of calcium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C and folic acid was low, but salt intake of the subjects that smoked based on EER was 216.6% and that for those who did not smoke was 161.2%. The diagnosis scores for the diets and nutritional risks with respect to the subjects who drank was 36.3±4.9 and that for the subjects that did not drink was 40.4±4.8. The difference was significant (p<0.01). In comparing the nutritional intakes based on EER, the vitamin C intake for those that drank was 48.0% and that for those that did not drink was 79.2%. The score for the subjects that drank was higher (p<0.05). As for the diagnosis scores for diets with nutritional risks depending on hypertension self-efficacy differentiation, the score for the subjects who had the highest self-efficacy was 43.2±4.9 and that for the subjects who had the lowest self-efficacy was 36.8±3.8. The scores for conformity to diet guidance for those that had the highest self-efficacy was 46.7±4.2 and that for the subjects that had the lowest self-efficacy was 35.9±5.5. The higher their hypertension self-efficacy, the higher their conformity to dietary guidance (p<0.01, p<0.001). It was discovered that hypertension self-efficacy was significantly related to the diagnosis of diet with nutritional risk and conformity to diet guidance (p<0.001, p<0.001). As for the scores in measuring diet with nutritional risk and conformity to dietary guidance depending on diabetes self-efficacy differentiation, the higher the self-efficacy, the higher the scores, but there was no significant difference between subjects. It was discovered that diabetes self-efficacy was significantly related with conformity to dietary guidance (p<0.05). As a result, as it was discovered that as hypertension and diabetes self-efficacy increased, the nutritional risk, diagnosis of dietary life with nutritional risk and conformity to dietary life guidance increased. Therefore, it is suggested that a high self-efficacy in patients can encourage proper disease control and diet.