유해 조류 제어를 위한 naphthoquinone 유도체 합성

Abstract

Quinones are widely distributed in nature and play essential biological roles. They also occur as substances of potential toxicological significance in environmental pollutants, and some are used as anticancer drugs. Chronic exposure to quinones is mutagenic to cultures of eukaryotic cells and may cause cell death. Considerable interest has been focused on quinone compounds especially, quinone moieties are present in many drugs a backbone structure, such as anthracyclines and mixtoxantrones used as antitumor agent and algicides. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can occur when certain types of microscopic algae grow quickly in water, forming visible patches that may harm the health of the environment, plants, or animals. Green tide algae cause severe problems, such as hindering boat traffic, blocking approaches, obstructing wash processes and catching cavities, creating unattractive foulsmelling loads and killing natural biota. Many scientists have conducted physiological and ecological studies in the hope of reducing the extent of damage to fisheries caused by HABs. The application of clay can treat the environmental problems but the toxins released from flocculated cells and the adverse effect on other organisms. Therefore, design of ecological safe and selective algicides has been an evolving research topic. In this research, we synthesized 30 naphthoquinone (NQ) derivatives and invitro inhibitory activity was measured against microalgae. All the synthesized compounds were showed invitro inhibitory activity for harmful algicides (Microcystic aeruginos, Anabaena flos-aquae, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Stephanodiscus hantzchii), while nonharmful algae (Scedesmus obliguus and Chloreua vulgaris) were comparatively less affected by these NQ derivatives. In particular, compounds 3, 4, 14, 15, 16, 19 and 20 were the most potent against 7 categories harmful algicidies with IC50 lower than 1μM. Especially, compound 19 was extremely competent and selective inhibitors against species with IC50 values ranging from 0.08 to 0.162 μM.