대지미술특성을 적용한 도시경관이미지 개선방안 연구

Abstract

The criterion of cityscape is the beauty itself in a city and also a living environment of people in the city. As its comfort requirement influences on the quality of people in urban area, it is an important factor in city planning. The continuous physical growth of cities in our country caused to the difficulty development necessarily. After 1960s, the urbanization and industrialization were rapidly in progress and many cities were developed, but the esthetic functions and the ecologically environmental creation of cityscape were undervalued because the development was focused on the progress. By them, the natural landscape in the city was damaged and the psychological high-handedness such as the sense of closing due to non-individual standardized landscapes and large-scale buildings were more serious. In addition, the follow-up service-based landscape policies for solving them made the cityscape more complicated and confused. After 1990s, as the level of consciousness in the people's income and their quality of life was increased, the qualitative requirements of environment and culture made us realize the importance of cityscape. In addition, the competitiveness of each urban area depends on the importance in the quality of landscape throughout the country, and all countries continues to try to improve the cityscape. In the world trend, Korea also included the items of landscape in 'Act on Land Planning and Utilization (hereinafter called Land Planning Act)' combined Act on Utilization and Management of the National Territory with Urban Development Act in 2003 and enacted 'Landscape Act' in 2007. However, I can't be convinced that the landscapes of our country are satisfied by their users through these policies. Because while the landscape planning itself suggests only the basic conceptual idea of landscape, it doesn't suggest the detailed and practical methods. In addition, because the preparation standards of cityscape report in Land Planning Act are listed from the guidelines of macroscopic environmental management to the ones of microscopic landscape design, it is difficult to plan the innovative and creative landscape design. Therefore, this study has the purpose to apply the characteristics of earth art and expressions of space direction to the methodology of cityscape design in the artistic views of earth art and propose the ways and possibility of more creative and esthetic landscape design pursuing the cultural and artistic values. I examined the way to develop the landscape design in recent times and the possibility of artistic landscape design. Then, I suggested the examples of earth art and attempted to approach them concretely. In this study, I considered the earth art and cityscape theoretically and then examined the concrete theoretical backgrounds, various expressions and artistic characteristics of earth art and finally suggested the ways to utilize the earth art variously and its possibility in the cityscape. In summarizing the findings, the earth art, which was dawned as an expression of social and cultural disvalue by modern industrial capitalism and development of contemporary technical civilization, usually applied the environmental factors to artworks at the natural space in the beginning and these works aimed for the sourceful order and metaphysical harmony of nature. After then, since the late of 1980s, the space was transferred from the nature to the urban area and the nature of earth art was changed as the public art. The artworks produced in the urban area with environmental meanings has been produced to strengthen the surrounding landscapes and natural environments and resulted in the extension to the daily space empathizing with the public. As such, the recent earth art trend has broken the previous working patterns and developed through various concepts and the mixture by extension of techniques. According to these backgrounds of outbreak and development, they are the most appropriate media to the artistic cityscape design which is the purpose of this study. By this, I rediscovered the differentiated plastic potential of cityscape design which applied the artistic characteristics in the earth art. Besides, I found that the earth art is an appropriate way to express the cultural and artistic values of a region by space direction characteristics and immaterial ones of earth art and that the mixed characteristics of natural and plastic materials in the earth art made us expect both ecological and cultural reinforcement simultaneously. As a result of considering the plastic expressions of earth artworks, I realized that the recent cityscape was an open area having the new possibility broadly by artistic and experimental spirit to extend the limitation of expression media and that the area to find the possibility in the earth art was infinite. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the studies on the artistic cityscape image which applied the characteristics of earth art for being harmoniously composed in the cultural, public and natural spaces and to analyze and develop the visual preference, satisfaction or tendency of citizens as the practical users and the viewers for playing an important role to improve the emotional quality of life in future. This study is limited to the study on the developmental possibility to improve the image by applying the characteristics of earth art in the cityscape. The problems in this study are re-realization in the improvement of cityscape by policy makers in local governments for being possible to apply practically and requirements for the budgets to enforce the policies. I need to more deeply study the ideas of concrete earth art application and suggestions for their related designs and application methods. The position of artistic cityscape image from the viewpoint of integrated meaning in the future human life will be more subdivided and influential over time. I think that even if the awareness of politicians (policy makers), designers (developers) and all citizens with various attempts and adventurous changes should be enhanced, the ideal cityscape will be constructed and its artistic value will be higher. By this study, I expect the earth art, a genre in contemporary fine arts, to suggest the directions of competitive cityscape design having the artistic values and be used as a tool for improvement of urban image.