초·중학생의 영양섭취량, 건강관련체력 및 신체발육에 관한 종단적 분석

Abstract

Since elementary school and middle school years are a crucial period for the foundation of their lifelong health as well as proper growth, it is very important to keep balanced nutrient intakes at these periods of time. Also, the amount of physical activity, energy requirement for regular school life, and resistance to a disease increase in this period. With the necessity of enough energy intake, excessive energy intake would lead to obesity at their early age, hence adult obesity and lifestyle disease. In addition, physical ability of Korean students decreases because they keep sedentary life reading a cartoon and playing a computer game and consequently lose lots of chances of exercise. It happens more in conditions of the education system that is overly weighted toward college admission and accompanying excessive competition and stress. Thus this study was conduced to provide basic materials for students by analyzing 5-year(2008-2012) data of nutrient intakes, health-related physical ability, and physical growth improvement of the students in elementary school fifth grade to middle school third grade in approach to ongoing changes rather than approach to temporal cross-section. This study was also purposed to provide preliminary data for balanced nutrient intakes through school feeding system, physical development, and health-related physical ability maintenance and improvement. One-way repeated ANOVA and contrast test(SPSS ver. 18.0) were used for the data analysis with the significant level α=.05. The results are as follows: First, the overall nutrient intakes through school feeding were relatively lower than the expected result since when it is changed to correspond to three-meal-a-day system the nutrient intakes is just comparable to the normal. Second, cardiopulmonary endurance and speed had the biggest increase in the interval between elementary school sixth grade and middle school first grade. And flexibility had it in the interval between elementary school fifth grade and sixth grade. On the other hand, muscular endurance showed the smallest decrease in the interval between middle school first grade and second grade. Overall health-related physical ability showed the highest increase in the interval between elementary school sixth grade and middle school first grade. Third, while height and weight showed the biggest increase in the interval between elementary school sixth grade and middle school first grade, BMI had the highest increase in the interval between middle school first grade and second grade. In summary, while apparent physical development could be considered good, health-related physical ability was relatively lower than preceding research data due to western diet(eg. fast food etc.). In addition, the decrease in students' physical ability would be attributed to the lack of physical activity caused by the education system focusing only on college entrance exams and subsequent imbalance between exercising and studying in school and private educational institutes. Therefore, it is necessary to concretely plan and develop balanced nutrient intakes program for elementary and middle school students through this result based on recent 5-year data from systematic procedure and observation. And we should urge the need to develope and popularize the systematic, regular, and enhanced curriculum for health-related physical ability and physical development of students with the transfer of school physical education policy to the institutional and systematic one.