공공건축의 공공성 실현을 위한 공간디자인 접근 방법 연구

Abstract

With rapid urbanization and mobilization in the late 20th century, as the wave of globalization and individualization dismantled the definition of public space, attempts to define public space and publicness in various viewpoints were stimulated. Such attempts have been an opportunity to highlight the importance of the concepts of publicness and public architecture based on specific use in terms of users and a turning point which accelerates discussion on the dynamic concept of publicness replacing the concept of spatial space, and publicness which stimulates specific experiences and behaviors of users and spatial experiments. In such background, there have been international and national political and practical attempts on public architecture as living space related with higher living quality, as social assets related with better living conditions, and cultural heritage related with time and spatial identity and continuity of communities. Better quality of public architecture as a global topic and central task to pursue architectural space and living conditions simultaneously has been intensively discussed since 1990s. For the purposes, the study investigated existing bibliographical data to organize the concept and meaning of publicness, and selected objective and high-quality cases which have themes of public architecture from specialized books and architecture magazines. The cases were bibliographically analysed, followed by field trips. The subjects of the study were public structures which had a definite intent of publicness realization and the intent reflected clearly on the structures : a total of 110 national and international cases which were awarded in design competitions. Chapter 2 organized the concept of user-oriented publicness in modern sense through the western and eastern concepts of publicness in public administrative terms, and publicness layers in subjective viewpoints which have changed since modernism introduced. Through the concept established, a basic frame on value and meaning of publicness realization public government offices was developed. Chapter 3 identified the value and meaning of publicness realization in users-oriented directions and extracts value elements through case analyses. The value elements extracted were grouped using a SPSS and the cases were typologically classified through a multiple correspondence analysis. Then characteristics of typological values were identified to define the nature of publicness value pursued by public buildings. The typological results were used as data to identify the correlations between characteristics of values and design strategies to be analysed in Chapter 5. Chapter 4 analysed strategies of publicness realization and design methods according to characteristics of user-oriented sustainable structures. The perspective of the analyse was based on the point that expressions for architectural design for publicness realization can be obtained from sustainable architectures and user-oriented contact elements. Also strategic characteristics according to contact types were extracted and characteristics of architectural design strategies for publicness realization were identified. Chapter 5 demonstrated validity of value types of publicness and a spatial design approach for publicness of public architecture through analysing the correlations between strategies and methods extracted in Chapter 4 using SPSS. Chapter 6 summed up what was discussed in the previous chapters and identified the characteristics of strategies and methods according to correlations between values created through spatial design and design strategies to present a basic frame of spatial design approach for publicness realization. It was suggested that strategies and methods of spatial design to realize publicness through a system of spatial design approach may differ according to purposes and design strategies for publicness realization and should be decided according to purposes of public architecture and their definite correlations. In understanding the process of spatial design for publicness realization, it is suggested that an integrative spatial design approach is developed in the whole design process from planning to evaluation. In conclusion, this study has a meaning in that it presented an approach which demonstrated validity of the correlations between value and strategies of spatial design for publicness realization with a purpose of developing sustainable public structures.