대금 입문 프로그램 개발 - 성인학습자 대상 실행연구를 중심으로

Abstract

The object of this study was to develop Daegum program for beginners of which purpose is the learners' enjoyment of music, unlike training program which is focused upon preparing college entrance test for students whose purpose is to become professional musicians. For this purpose, first, Daegum program for beginners was planned and designed under the recognition of the learners' need for program based upon their previous musical experiences. Second, action research was conducted by researcher, who reflected on effectiveness and meanings of the designed program, and modified it based upon her reflections and the learners' appraisals. As the first step of planning and designing the program, characteristics of Daegeum program as life-long education was identified from the humanistic and humanitarian viewpoint through a literature review. For philosophy of music education, this study adopts Dewey's philosophy of education such as 'reconstruction of experience', which gives an emphasis upon the need of a new musical experience based upon its previous experiences through continuous interactions between teachers and learners. Also, for teaching methods of music, comprehensive approach to musicianship is adopted. Secondly, the results of needs survey was analyzed. For education contents, adult learners wanted to study some theoretical contents and to play various Sigimsae fo the advanced level if not majors-level. For the composition of music materials, learners demanded being taught in the order from familiar songs to traditional music. Depending on the characteristics of adult learners, teaching methods was demanded by learners. They preferred being taught precisely and practising repeatedly, in spite of the late processing. These requirements shows adult learners' lack of space and time for practising and their characteristics such as memory ability deterioration. Based upon the results of the literature review and needs survey, the first program draft was designed(1st to 15th time plan). Plastic Jeongak Daegeum was adopted as an instrument, and Jeongganbo and staff were adopted at the same time as a music sheet. Music materials was composed of basic Etudes and familiar folk songs such as Arirang, Doragi Taryeong, Miryang Arirang, and Jindo Arirang. As the second step of developing Daegum program, application study of the program was conducted by adopting action research for the purpose of confirming the effect and meaning of a newly designed program and correcting the program. At the first application, it was revealed that Jeongak Daegeum was difficult for beginners to voice and finger. At the second one, thus, Sanjo five GwangCheong BonCheong was adopted and therefore music materials were composed of popular songs so that it cannot lose learners' interest. As its results, it was revealed that it is easier for learners to do voicing because small instrument and five holes are easy to handle. Depending on the results of action research, the final program was designed. With the same musical instruments, voicing, fingering, ornaments, and symbols as the second one, traditional nursery rhymes and popular songs were added to the music materials of the second one. As a result, it was revealed that the newly developed Daegum program for teachers to realize that learners desired learning Daegum more to the advanced level because it gives learners opportunities to enjoy music based upon their previous musical experience. It showed that learners enjoyed music themselves and wanted to learn more to a higher level. Adult learners emphasized the enjoyment of music, saying that they played Daegum with their family singing a song which they already knew. In addition, they realized that they need to overcome difficulties in playing Daegum by way of continuous interaction between instructor and themselves for continuous construction of their experiences and fruitful enjoyment. Despite several limitations, this study can lay the groundwork for the enjoyment of traditional music by developing Daegeum Education program for beginners, considering characteristics and needs of adult learners for leisure. If not for beginners, who prepare entrance examination, this program can be modified to be adopted for children and youth.

Keywords: Daegum, program development, action research, adult learners