근골격계 질환 예방을 위한 부담지수 정량화 방안에 관한 연구 : 전자업종 작업장 중심으로

Abstract

In the modern society, while developments in scientific technology have contributed to automation of many production facilities, working conditions are changing to the form of simple work as working methods become much more simplified and handling of products are still made with production activities including inspection and assembly in picking up, carrying of goods in person. Also, increases in the speed and intensity of works due to introduction of new technologies such as mechanization and automation as well as changes in production methods, and repetitive motions, unnatural working positions and use of immoderate forces due to complicated and/or simplified works bring about increases in hazardous factors in works, which become the cause of continuous increase in the occurrence of Musculo Skeletal Disorders(MSD) to show abnormal symptoms in neuromuscles of workers' neck, shoulder, waist and limbs. This MSD has become the most popular occupational disease in those advanced countries such as Europe, the USA and also in our country, the occurrence of this case has increased sharply while suffering the IMF economic crisis because of accelerated working intensity and working speed increase caused by mechanization and automation in concert with dehiring for cost reduction and introduction of performance system for productivity improvement by every company. As the occurrence of this MSD came to the fore as a major reason for conflicts between labor and management and for social problems, our country legislated for obligatory provisions for the prevention of MSD by employers. Although the law prescribes to reduce and/or eliminate MSD by finding out problematic works and carrying out improvement of working conditions through investigations of legally hazardous factors for the prevention of MSD occurring frequently, it causes difficulties to fulfill legal liabilities since the standards for valuation of hazardousness are not stated clearly in those related laws, regulations, notifications and technical guidances to decide whether or not it is an object to take measures for improvement of working environment after such investigation of hazardous factors. Also, in the occasion of existing guidances for investigation of hazardous factors, it is supposed to evaluate the hazardousness by multiplying work frequency and work load, but it is difficult to reflect on the decision of the priority order of improvement due to low sensitivity of evaluation while it should be based on the worker's subjective judgment when the work load is decided, and also it is difficult to judge the extent to which it is hazardous since the level of taking actions is not provided. Therefore, in this study, it made comparison analysis of ergonometric evaluation instruments such as OWAS, RULA, SI, and NLE, which are representative working position valuation techniques for investigation of hazardous factors to be hard on the musculoskeletal system and also analyzed field effectiveness to develop a method of quantified MSD prevention cost index to be available of easier access and valuation in the field of electronic manufacturing industry. Regarding the part of suggestion of cost index analysis method for the improvement of works to be hard suitable for the electronic industry, it selected seven items, which were parts weight, tools weight, work frequency, arms position, position(bending), vibration shock work, moving distance, as the part of object selection excepting the application of existing ergonometric technique and for cost index, it is the total points multiplied every point of those seven items as the standards of valuation, and proceeded in the method to revaluate the effect by selection of the object to be improved and improve the works to be hard after quantification of the cost index by those seven items. In this study, since it is easier to access than the ergonometric valuation method and possible to get numerical values through quantification, it would be utilized in ranking the priority order of the objects to be improved.