심리훈련 경험유무에 따른 주니어 골프선수의 심리기술 및 프리샷 루틴이 경기력에 미치는 영향

Abstract

The present study aims at offering the data to solve the psychological problems necessary for exercising the best athletic performance by analyzing the effects psychological techniques and pre-shot routines have on the performance in terms of the presence or not of psychological training. To this end, a hypothetical model was set, with school year and last game record defined as general variables, presence or not of psychological training as an independent variable, psychological technique and pre-shot routine as mediator variables, and performance as a dependent variable. Sampling was conducted with 317 high school boys among the athletes who participated in the 22nd Sports Chosun Le Coq Cup National Middle and High School Golf Championship held by the Korea Junior Golf Association in 2011, using the convenience sampling, one of non-probability sampling techniques. A total of 314 male students were finally analyzed, with 3 excluded, who were considered to be poor or low in answer or reliability, respectively. A questionnaire was used as a tool, with its questions partially revised or supplemented according to the study's purpose. The questionnaire contained a total of 54 questions: 7, 28 and 19 on general characteristics, psychological techniques and pre-shot routines, respectively. 7-point and 5-point Lickert scales applied to the questions on psychological techniques and pre-shot routines, respectively. Specific procedures were designed and then a questionnaire was drawn up according to the study's purpose. The purpose was explained to the subjects, who responded to the questions using the self-administration. The data were subjected to frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA variance analysis, Scheffe's posteriori test, Pearson's correlation analysis, multi-regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis, according to analysis purposes, using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results are as follows: First, there was no difference by school year in psychological technique, pre-shot routine and performance, and there were statistically significant differences in record between the two matches immediately prior to the survey. Second, there were correlations among psychological technique, pre-shot routine and performance. Third, there were correlations between pre-shot routine and psychological technique. Forth, performance was affected by pre-shot routine and psychological technique. Fifth, pre-shot routine affected psychological technique according to the presence or not of psychological training. Sixth, there were differences by group in the effect of pre-shot routine and psychological technique on performance according to the presence or not of psychological training. To sum up, the group without psychological training is exposed to psychological problems, since the group had no concept on pre-shot routine, while that with psychological training had high performance under the positive effect of pre-shot routine. In addition, there were fewer sub-factors affecting performance in the group with psychological training than that without psychological training. This was because influential factors were removed by psychological training. Therefore, junior players are more burdened with psychological problems, if they try to solve the problems at random without experiencing specialized psychological training. On the contrary, the players with psychological training show good results, since they find self-confidence and composure by applying psychological techniques to games. Hence, it is necessary for athletes to receive a training combined with psychological training from the time when they were junior players. Specifically, psychological training will enable the players to exercise their performance to the utmost, when the training is individually designed in a way that highlights positive factors, while minimizing negative ones, on the basis of good understanding of the current psychological techniques owned by each of the players.