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ID3 regulates MDC1-mediated signaling pathway

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Author(s)
김윤지
Issued Date
2011
Abstract
ID3는 basic helix-loop-helix 구조를 가진 전사인자의 우성음성 조절인자(dominant negative regulator)로써 세포의 분화, 세포사멸, 성장 등을 조절한다고 알려져 있다. MDC1 (mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1, DNA 손상 check단백질의 매개 물질1)은 DNA 손상반응에서 주요한 역할을 함이 보고 되여졌다. 본 연구논문에서는 결합단백질을 조사하는 yeast two hybrid screening을 통해 MDC1 단백질에 결합하는 새로운 ID3을 동정하였다. ID3는 MDC1과 세포내에서 결합함을 면역침강(co-immunoprecipitation)을 통해 확인하였고 GST-pull down분석을 통해 MDC1과 ID3가 직접적으로 결합함을 보았다. 이는 ID3 단백질이 MDC1에 의한 DNA 손상반응에 관여할 수 있음을 시사한다. 이를 증명하기 위해 우선 ID3을 억제시킨 세포주에서 DNA 손상반응을 조사하였다. DNA 손상 시 유도되는 MDC1, p-ATM, 53BP1, γH2AX의 foci를 관찰한 결과 ID3가 결핍된 세포주에서 p-ATM과 MDC1의 damage foci가 감소됨을 확인하였다. 또한, ID3가 결핍된 세포에서 DNA damage signal의 결합을 ATM, MDC1, NBS1의 인산화 western blotting 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 더욱이 ID3결핍된 세포주에서 손상복구가 감소됨을 comet assay와 이중나선절판에 따른 vector을 이용한 system을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 clonal survival assay를 통해 ID3가 결핍된 세포는 정상세포에 비해 IR에 민감함을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, DNA 손상반응으로 세포주기 체크포인트(cell cycle checkpoint)를 조사한 결과 ID3 결핍세포에서 intra-S-phase 체크포인트의 결합을 확인하였다. 반면, G2/M checkpoint 와는 무관함을 보았다. 따라서, 본 연구결과에서는 ID3와 MDC1의 결합을 통해 ID3가 MDC1의 intra-S 체크포인트와 이중나선 절단에 의한 비상동말단결합을 조절함을 확인함으로써 ID3가 DNA 손상반응에 새로운 중요한 조절자임을 제시한다.|ID3 is a dominant negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, and regulator of differentiation, apoptosis and growth. Especially, the mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1(MDC1) plays a central role in DNA damage response. In this study, we report that the key protein of DNA damage response, MDC1 directly binds to ID3. This interaction of MDC1 and ID3 is confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down assay. Knockdown of ID3 decreases foci formation of phospho-ATM and MDC1 but not 53BP1 and γ-H2AX, and ID3 depletion also reduces the phosphorylation of ATM, MDC1 and NBS1 after DNA damage. Moreover, ID3 depletion is decreased the clonal survival rate, which may directly contribute DNA repair, especially non homologous end joining. On the other hands, ID3-depleted cells show defect of intra-S phase checkpoint but not G2/M checkpoint, but IR-induced phosphorylation of chK2 on Thr68 is still observed. Therefore, these results suggest that ID3 is critical regulator of DNA damage signaling pathway.
Alternative Title
ID3에 의한 MDC1 조절기전 연구
Alternative Author(s)
ID3 regulates MDC1-mediated signaling pathway
Affiliation
DNA수복연구센터
Department
일반대학원 의학과
Advisor
유호진
Awarded Date
2012-02
Table Of Contents
CONTENTS
Contents……………………………………………….….…………i
List of Figures………………………………………………………iii

KOREAN ABSTRACT………………………….………………………………...1
I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..3
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Cell culture and drug treatment……………………………………….....7
2. siRNA and transfection…………………………………………...……...7
3. Yeast two-hybrid analysis……………………………………………..….8
4. Immunoprecipitation assay and Western Blot analysis…………………..8
5. GST Pull-Down Assay………………………………………………..….10
6. Immunostaining assay……………………...……………………………10
7. Cell survival assay……………………………………………………….11
8. Comet assay………………………………………………………...……12
9. Analysis of NHEJ activity………………………………….…………….13
10. G2/M checkpoint analysis……………………………………………....13
11. BrdU incorporation assay…………………………………………...…..14
12. Antibodies…………………………………………………………….…15
13. Statistical analysis……………………………………………………….16
III. RESULTS
1. ID3 as a binding partner of MDC1 was identified by yeast two hybrid assasy……………………………………………………………………..17
2. ID3 binds to MDC1 in vivo and in vitro………………………………18
3. ID3 knockdown impairs foci-formation of MDC1 and phospho-ATM after DNA damage………………………………………………………22
4. ID3 knockdown leads to reduced phosphorylation of DNA-damage signalling proteins………………………………………………………..27
5. ID3 knockdown delays DNA double strand break repair…………..….29
6. ID3 knockdown induces defects at the intra-S, but not G2/M DNA damage checkpoint…………………………………………………...….33

IV. DISCUSSION.............................................................................37
V. REFERENCES............................................................................39
ENGLISH ABSTRACT…………………………………………..49
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1. MDC1 interacts with ID3…………………………………………..20
Figure 2. MDC1 directly binds to ID3…………………………………….….21
Figure3. ID3 knockdown impairs foci formation of MDC1 and p-ATM after IR ……………………………………………………………...……….24
Figrue 4. ID3 depletion does not suppress the foci formation of γH2AX and 53BP1…………………….……………………………………..….26
Figure 5. ID3 connect in DNA damage response after NCS .............................28
Figure 6. ID3 knockdown results in decreased DSB repair…..……………….31
Figure 7. Knockdown of ID3 defects the intra S-phase checkpoint but not G2/M checkpoint……………………………………………………….…35
Degree
Master
Publisher
조선대학교
Citation
김윤지. (2011). ID3 regulates MDC1-mediated signaling pathway.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/9261
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000256577
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 3. Theses(Master)
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