小都市 中心街路邊의 立地施設 分布 및 利用 特性에 관한 硏究

Abstract

This study aims to research the changes in land use, the characteristics of locational facilities, and the purchase and leisure use patterns of residents in the downtown street in Yeongam-eup, Yeongam-gun, Jeollanam-do which is a eup-level small town and suggest the directions for inducing the sound development of small towns. Finally, the following results were obtained. 1. The population of the subject small town was 9,479 as of December 2010, which accounts for 15.8% of the total population of Yeongam-gun. For a time, since 1977, it has shown a continuous decrease of about 15.4% on average. For an age group, while young people aged under 30 have been decreased, old people aged over 60 have been increased by about 18.0% on average, suggesting a rapid increase in old population. 2. The area of the subject small town has been increased by about 0.2% from 59.26㎢ in 1977 to 59.18㎢ in 2010. For the urban planning area, residential and commercial area has been increased 3.1% and 5.8% on average from 1977 to 2010, respectively. It suggests that rural area(arable land) has a gradually decreased trend, but urban area has a constantly increased trend. 3. The buildings on the downtown street of the subject small town were 147 in 2010 which is a constant increase of 30.7% on average compared with 21 buildings(1977). The number of stories of buildings was mostly one or two stories in 1977, but it has been gradually increased since 1987. For the use of buildings, a residential use has little change since 1977 but a commercial use has been steadily increased. 4. In the downtown street of the subject small town, high location was found in convenient facility such as sale/general retail business and service/restaurant. In particular, the 1st floor which influences the vigor to street showed higher location in sale/general retail business and service/restaurant. It is partially attributed to extended commercial lots due to urban planning which established on the premise of population growth rather than responded to the change in demand forecast for downtown use. 5. To reproduce a downtown as the urban center, it is necessary to secure high quality residential functions, guarantee a variety of information, cultural, and economic activity, and assure attractive functions to play a role of business environment which attracts tourists. Based on these findings, this study examined the residential characteristics of downtown, suburb, and outskirts of small town in residents. Then the characteristics of using downtown and purchase patterns were investigated and analyzed in terms of buying(purchase), eating(meal), spending time(leisure), and conducting business(business). The results were as follows. 1) For the population structure of downtown residents, old people were relatively higher than young people, most people lived in single family house and over 1/3 of respondents lived for over 20 years. It suggests high aging, deteriorated housing, and strong settlement. 2) The most common response was 'almost everyday' in downtown use. It is partially attributed to the space structure of small town that is not far away between downtown and its surroundings. Also, for a reason not to visit a downtown frequently, common responses included 'having nothing to do' and 'no goods or food to be purchased'. In particular, downtown residents commonly answered that they had no goods or food to be bought. It suggests that downtown residents in a small town perceived purchase option the most important factor in using downtown. 3) Respondents who answered that they did not go to the downtown because there was no goods to be purchased commonly bought necessaries in neighboring cities such as Gwangju, Mokpo, and Naju. It is partially attributed to integration in the metropolitan life circle and the lack of products in the shopping street by population decrease. 4) The most common response about goals to use the downtown was 'goods purchase(buying), followed by 'workplace(business)', and 'meal(eating or drinking)'. In particular, downtown residents used downtown to purchase products or work; suburb residents, to purchase goods or eat; and outskirts residents, for special things such as appointment. A private car was commonly used to go to the downtown and not more than 30 minutes was required. 5) Respondents using the downtown to purchase products commonly bought fish, food, hardware, and farming machines in the downtown because of a close distance. But their satisfaction was low because of the lack of product option. 6) Respondents using the downtown to eat commonly visited the downtown because of appointment and close distance. They commonly used Korean restaurants and their satisfaction was low because of the lack of various food. 7) The most important factor to use the downtown to spend time(leisure) was found as accessibility. While downtown and suburb residents commonly used a public bath and a beauty parlor, outskirts residents mainly went to the downtown to enjoy their spare time in coffee shop, cafe, and karaoke. But their satisfaction was low because of the lack of facilities and poor environment. 8) Most respondents perceived the need to revitalize downtown. Most of them asked to sell a variety of products(option) and some asked the expansion of leisure space and facilities.

Taken together, the subject downtown was found low in image as well as satisfaction at function itself, which contributes to hindering downtown use. To activate attractive a downtown, royalty of both function and image, especially the image of option, comforts, and non-routine experience, should be developed. Furthermore, to activate a downtown as the urban center, it is necessary to secure high quality residential functions, guarantee a variety of information, cultural, and economic activity, assure attractive functions to play a role of business environment which attracts tourists, and form an image of a shopping street which can reinforce local identity.