남성 운전직 근로자들에 대한 소그룹기반 심뇌혈관질환 예방교육 프로그램의 개발 및 효과

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of a small group-based cardiocerebrovascular disease(CVD) prevention education program on the knowledge, stage of change and health behavior among male driving workers who were at risk for CVD. Methods: This study adopted a nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design and the intervention was designed based on the transtheoretical change model. The subjects were male driving workers who had been recruited from two bus transportation companies located in J province. They had at least one CVD risk factor and had a low awareness of the risk for CVD, which were identified by the assessment of stage of change for a lifestyle modification. A total 68 subjects were divided into 34 in experimental group and 34 in control group. The subjects of two groups were selected by matching method in view of age, education and risk factor. Experimental group received a small group-based CVD prevention education program through 8 times for 6 weeks and 3 times of telephone interview at two weeks interval. Subjects' risk factors were confirmed by routine medical examination results carried out in 2010. The knowledge, stage of change and health behavior of the subjects were examined with self-reporting structured questionnaires. Data were collected from December 1, 2010 to Mar. 30, 2011. Data were analysed by using SPSS/PC version 18.0. Demographical and disease related characteristics of the subjects were analyzed with actual number and percentage, homogeneity test was conducted with χ2-test and t-test, and hypothesis test to evaluate the effect of small group based CVD prevention education program was analyzed with repeated measure analysis of variance(ANOVA). Results: The mean age of subjects was 53.1±6.40 years(Range 41∼66). The experimental group showed significantly higher scores in CVD prevention knowledge(p<.001) and health behavior(p<.001) at 6 and 12 weeks after interven -tion compared to those of the control group. In addition, the subjects who were in pre-contemplation and contemplation stage made progress in the stage of change to contemplation and action, this is significantly different at 6 and 12 weeks after intervention compared to the experimental group(p<.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that a small group-based education program for CVD prevention is beneficial in increasing knowledge, stage of change, and health behavior to prevent CVD. This education should be continued as a customized intervention for male driving workers at risk for CVD.

Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, Education, Knowledge, Stage of Change, Health behavior.