기업특성에 따른 법인세 부담에 관한 연구

Abstract

All of the firms calculates the corporate tax by the application of a tax law. But, there are differences in substantial corporate tax burden for each company because of the corporate tax law, various tax support system and the differences in corporate accounting standards and tax law. Therefore, in this study, I examined whether differences of substantial corporate tax burdens measured in effective corporate tax rate(ETR) are systematically related to the firm characteristics such as business scale, capital intensity, research and development intensity, liability ratio, and return on assets. I used the effective corporate tax rates as a dependent variable. Net income and income and loss before incomes tax are used as a denominator of proxy for effective corporate tax rate and income tax expense on the income statement is used as a numerator. And I used the business scale, capital intensity, research and development intensity, liability ratio, and return on assets as independent variable for the study. The financial statement data provided by the Korea Investors Service, Inc. (KIS-FAS) was used in multiple regression analysis with the effective tax rate and firm characteristics using SPSS. As a result, three regression coefficients indicated statistically significant meaning, and the other regression coefficients are not proper as criteria of effective corporate tax. In ETR1 and ETR2, capital intensity, liability ratio and return on assets have been statistically significant within significance level of 1%. It may be considered that tax support has been selectively provided for the purpose of activating special economic activities, and this has made difference of effective corporate tax ratio. This systematic difference is related to the firm characteristics. Accurate measurement of corporate tax burden or tax benefit may allow to evaluate the performance of previously existing tax policy. An accurate measurement of the corporate tax burdens will lead to the new direction of tax policy.