광주광역시 도시공간구조 변천에 관한 연구

Abstract

Abstract A Study on the Changes of Urban Spatial Structure in Gwangju Metropolitan City

Lim Sung-Gee Advisor : Prof. Park, Kil-Hyun, Ph.D. Department of Civil Engineering Graduate School of Chosun University

This study analyses the process of formation and transformation of internal spatial structure in Gwangju Metropolitan City, through investigating statutory urban planning documents including City Comprehensive Plans and City Management Plans. To analyse the morphological change of Gwangju’s urban spatial structure, the use zoning, street network planning, and urban development planning proposed under documents from 1939 Gwangju City Plan and 2007 City Management Plan were examined in time-series. Combining the results, the transformation process of the urban spatial structure will be structured and any characteristics will be identified. This research aims to firstly establish concepts by studying theories related to urban spatial structure. Secondly, the statutory urban planning transition from 1939 Gwangju City Plan to 2007 City Management Plan will be discussed. Thirdly, the important content of the use zoning, the street network planning and various urban planning initiatives, which had effects on the formation and transformation of Gwangju’s urban spatial structure, will be analysed. Fourthly, based on the analysis, how the urban spatial structure is transforming will be structured, and lastly, a conclusion on the change in Gwangju’s urban spatial structure. Gwangju has had 4 City Comprehensive Plans and 8 City Management Plans, starting with “City Plan” in 31st October 1939, during the Japanese occupation. The 1939 Gwangju City Plan started with a small city of radius 4km centred around Chungjang-ro, extending to a 10km radius mononuclear city centred around the area inside the first ring road. The 1970s saw the formation of the main frame of Gwangju spatial structure, the area inside the ring road become the city centre, with the formation of 5 radial arterial network of streets (Songjung, Naju, Jangsung, Hwasun and Damyang). In 1980s, Gwangju acquired the metropolitan city status and developed into a multi-nuclear metropolis. In the early 1990s, Gwangju had its urban functions shared out between the main centre and two sub-centres (Chumdan and Songjung), and the in the late 90s, significant movements of urban functions to 3 sub-centres (Sangmoo, Songjung, Chumdan) has significantly restructured the spatial structure. The 2000s saw the deindustrialization of the city centre, and therefore there are movements to return from multi-nuclear structure to restrengthening urban spatial structure. The summary of the research is as follows: 1. The transition of Gwangju’s spatial structure is from a small city centred around Chungjang-ro in the 1930s, a circular mononuclear city inside the first ring road in the 1960s, a linear city towards Songjung in the 1970s, an L-shaped city with 2 centres and 2 axes in the 1980s, a triangular city with 3 centres and 3 axes in the early 90s and a semicircular city with 4 centres and 3 axes in the late 90s to a circular city with 4 centres and 4 axes in the 2000s. 2. Multi-Centre of Gwangju started from the 1984 Urban Town Planning, materialised in the 1990 plan, and was realised when Sangmoo 1-district and Chumdan 1-district were built in December 1997. 3. The expansion of the urban area to the east was physically difficult because of Moodeung mountain, and was therefore carried out towards the northwest which was, with its hills and farmland, easier to develop. New urban development was focused on the northwest of the city centre, and the original city centre has been placed to the east of the new urban area. 4. Gwangju’s street network’s main framework has been structured in the 1975 and 1976 City Management Plans, and was realised through the set up of 5 arterial roads, 8 radial roads and 3 ring roads in the 2004 City Comprehensive Plan. 5. Gwangju’s Urban Development consisted mainly of land division restructuring through land substitution before the 1992 City Management Plan, but after 1992, public development has become the main method of land supply and became a basis for change in urban spatial structure. 6. Under City planning, the expansion of residential area and commercial area show similar directivity. This is because of the simultaneous expansion of residential and commercial area under the new urban area development.

Lastly, this research is limited in the fact that it fails to compare the legal documents to the real urban formation. Further research is required to compare the plans and the real change of Gwangju’s spatial structure. This research looks to provide help on spatial restructuring, land use planning and general urban planning.