중국 언론의 객관성 개념과 그 변천: 문헌고찰과 언론보도의 내용분석

Abstract

Journalistic objectivity is not only the basic requirement in the practice of journalism but also the problems for practitional journalists. Journalistic objectivity was one of the major ideas in American society in 1920s, and was gradually developed into rules and principles for professional journalists. However, there revolved lots of questions surrounding the idea of journalistic objectivity in China. Some of the major questions revolving around journalistic objectivity in China include the following: What is the situation in which journalistic objectivity was developed in China? What is the procedure of the development of journalistic objectivity in China? What is the status of journalistic objectivity both in theory and in practice of journalism in China? What are the roles of journalistic objectivity in China? What are the characteristics of journalistic objectivity in China? What is the prospect of journalistic objectivity in China?

Academic research on journalistic objectivity in China is in an infant stage. So, in order to understand the development of journalistic objectivity in Chinese history, this thesis studies the procedure of the development of journalistic objectivity in China by literature review and by content analysis of news reports. First of all, literature review was conducted on scholastic opinions about journalistic objectivity between 1840 and 1949, during which the Chinese government was founded but the Chinese Communist Party was not in power yet. The objective of this literature review is to find out how journalistic objectivity was conceptualized by the scholars in those days, and to set out the theoretical basis of journalistic objectivity. Second, by content analysis of news media reports, this thesis studies the development of journalistic objectivity from 1949 to 2008, during which the Chinese Communist Party has been ruling China. Content analysis was conducted on the news media reports about the Great Leap Forward of China in 1958, reports about the Earthquake of Tangshan in 1976, and reports about the Earthquake of Sichuan in 2008 in order to find out the status of journalistic objectivity in China since the Communist Party's ruling. This completed and comprehensive research on journalistic objectivity in China can not only help journalists in understanding the development history of journalistic objectivity and in improving their professionalism, but also facilitate the practice of journalism.

Key words : Journalistic Objectivity, Content Analysis, Literature Review, Chinese Communist Party, Earthquake