멸종위기 수리科 (Accipitridae) 조류의 분포와 이동 생태

Abstract

Most of Accipitridae species are internationally endangered, therefore the protection and conservation of these species are necessary and urgent in the range countries. This study was carried out to clarify the seasonal distribution and migration ecology of endangered Accipitridae species in Korea for the purpose of proper conservation and management of those species. The trends of population size, migratory patterns and distributions of each Accipitridae species in 2000's were compared with those of 1900’s. In most species except vagrant species, the comparison result shows that the number of wintering sites has an increasing trend. The distribution of Chinese Sparrowhawk (Accipiter soloensis) in breeding season of 2000’s has enlarged compared to that of 1900’s. The staging distributions of Oriental Honey Buzzard, Pied Harrier (Circus melanoleucos), and Grey-faced Buzzard (Butastur indicus) in migration seasons of 2000's also have an increasing trend compared to those of 1900's. The results of migratory status research in 4 areas (Hong island, Eocheong island, Socheong island, Busan-Geoje island) which were selected by previous surveys and records show that these areas are important sites in migration routes of Accipitridae species for these areas regularly support numerous Accipitridae communities. Especially Oriental Honey Buzzard used all 4 areas for their stopover site in large flocks. In addition to this result, it was found that these species choose different migration routes in spring and autumn. In spring, most of them migrate through Busan-Geoje island area. In autumn, on the contrary, they migrate through islands of west coast of Korea; Hong island, Eocheong island and Socheong island. Those stop over islands during autumn migration identified as new migration routes of these species. The migration ecology of Oriental Honey Buzzard conducted by ground surveys show that they adopt different migration patterns by area and time, respectively. Consequently, departure and arrival area of this species could be estimated based on each migration patterns. Also it was found that the velocity and direction of the wind in the areas are important factors to influence the migratory status of this species. Migration of Black Kites (Milvus migrans) were investigated by satellite tracking using platform transmitter terminals (PTTs). Movement and habitat use pattern from two Black Kites, which wintered in Nakdong estuary, released with PTTs showed that both of them did not migrate to long distance and constantly stayed around Nakdong estuary. During the daytime they had relatively wide home range and during the nighttime they used forests near Dadaepo as their roost site. Exceptionally one adult kite was found to travel to Tsushima island of Japan for a few days. Satellite tracking of the migration of two Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo) were conducted in Cheorwon and Busan respectively. The released two buzzards migrated to the far eastern area of Russia along the Korean Peninsula. They started northern migration in early April and arrived to the far eastern area of Russia in late April. Two buzzards showed similar pattern in migration strategy. The results of this study show that the Korean Peninsula is important for internationally endangered Accipitridae species as providing essential stopover sites during their spring and autumn migration. Those sites are identified as being important habitat for the protection and conservation management of Accipitridae species in Asia region.