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The mechanism of NGEF function

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Author(s)
김민지
Issued Date
2009
Abstract
Ras 종양유전자는 종양발생의 여러 단계에서 역할을 한다고 생각한다. 비록 종양성장력을 가지고 있는 하류 표적 분자 종양유전자 Ras는 종양력을 가지고 있는 것으로 잘 알려져 있지만 아직 완전히 밝혀지지 않았다. 이번 연구에서는 oncogenic H-RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 세포들에서 NGEF mRNA전사와 단백질의 발현 정도가 현저히 증가되었음을 증명하였다. Oncogenic H-RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 세포들에 월등히 부정적인 형태의 H-RasN17을 일시적으로 형질 도입시키면 NGEF의 mRNA전사와 단백질의 발현 정도가 감소하였고 ERK와 PI3K 억제제들을 처리함에 Oncogenic H-RasV-induced NGEF의 발현은 현저히 억제되었다. 게다가 NGEF의 과 발현은 small GTPases (Rho, Rac1, Cdc42)를 활성화 시킬 수 있고 H-RasV12-transformed 세포들에 NGEF siRNA를 형질 도입 시키면 small GTPases (Rho, Rac1, Cdc42)의 발현이 감소하였다. Oncogenic H-Ras-induced NGEF 발현의 생물학적 기능을 연구하기 위해서 우리는 oncogenic H-Ras-mediated 종양 발생에서 NGEF가 관련되어 있는지를 조사하였다. NGEF 과 발현 세포들의 세포 증식, 부드러운 배지에서의 집단 형성, 세포 집합의 능력이 빈 운반체를 형질 도입시킨 세포들과 비교할 때 현저히 증가하였다. H-RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 세포의 세포 증식, 부드러운 배지에서 집단 형성, 세포 집합의 능력은 NGEF siRNA를 형질도입 시킴으로서 현저히 억제되었다. 게다가 H-RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 세포들에 NGEF siRNA 형질도입이 시험관내 세포 이동, 침윤, 신생혈관형성 감소를 나타냄을 증명하였다. 또한 H-RasV12-transformed 세포들에 형질도입한 NGEF siRNA는 동물 종양 성장을 현저히 감소하는 것으로 나타났고 반면에 control siRNA 형질도입은 감소하지 않았다. 이러한 결과들로 NGEF는 oncogenic H-Ras의 새로운 하위 표적 단백질이고 oncogenic H-RasV12에 의해 유도된 NGEF의 과 발현은 종양 형성에 있어 중요한 역할을 수행 할 것으로 생각한다.|Ras oncogenes are thought to play a role at multiple stages of tumorigenesis. Althogh the oncogenic effect of Ras are well known, downstream target molecules of oncogenic Ras, Which is involved in tumor progression, are not fully elucidated. In this report, we found that the levels of neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor (NGEF) mRNA and protein are significantly increased in oncogenic H-RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 cells. The levels of NGEF mRNA and protein were decreased in H-RasV12-transformed cells transient transfected with a dominant negative form H-RasN17, and treatment of ERK and PI3K inhibitors led to significant suppression of oncogenic H-Ras-induced NGEF expression. In addition, the expression of NGEF were capable of activating the small GTPase (Rho, Rac1, Cdc42), and transfection of NGEF siRNA into H-RasV12-transformed cells resulted in a decrease in the activity of small GTPase (Rho, Rac1, Cdc42). To investigate the biological function of oncogenic H-Ras-induced NGEF expression, we examined whether NGEF is involved in oncogenic H-Ras-mediated increase in cancer progression. We found that the abilities of cellular proliferation, colony formation in soft agar and aggregation of NGEF expressing cells were significantly increased as compared with those of empty vector transfected cells. The abilities of cellular proliferation, colony formation and aggregation of H-RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 cells were significantly suppressed by transfection of NGEF siRNA. We further demonstrated that the transfection of NGEF siRNA into H-RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 cells led to suppression of in vitro cellualr migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In addition, NGEF siRNA transfected H-RasV12-transformed cells exhibited significant reduction of animal tumor growth, wherase control siRNA transfectants did not. These results suggest that NGEF is a novel downstream target protein of oncogenic H-Ras, and oncogenic H-Ras-induce NGEF expression may be important role for oncogenic H-Ras-mediated tumor progression.
Alternative Title
NGEF의 작용기작
Alternative Author(s)
Kim, Min Ji
Affiliation
일반대학원
Department
일반대학원 생물신소재학과
Advisor
유호진
Awarded Date
2010-02
Table Of Contents
ABSTRACT 1
I. INTRODUCTION
Ras proteins function as membrane-associated GTPase switches 3
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Reagents and Antibodies 11
2. Cell culture 11
3. Plasmid constructs and Transfection 12
4. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based experiments 12
5. Semiquantative reverse transcriptase?Cpolymerase chain reaction 13
6. Western blotting 14
7. DEG (Differentially Expressed Gene) experiments 16
8. Small GTPase activation assay 16
9. Co ?C immunoprecipitation 17
10. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 18
11. Serum stimulation and BrdU labeling 18
12. Cellular aggregation assay 19
13. Soft agar colony formation analysis 19
14. In vitro Migration assay using transwell 20
15. Wound healing migration assay 20
16. In vitro Invasion assay 21
17. In vitro Angiogenesis assay 21
18. Statistical analysis 22
III. RESULTS
1. Identification of differential gene expression in NIH3T3 cells and oncogenic H-RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 cells 23
2. Oncogenic H-Ras induces expression of the NGEF 26
3. Dominant negative H-RasN17 suppressed H-RasV12-induced NGEF expression 28
4. Effect of Ras signal pathways inhibition on NGEF expression in oncogenic H-RasV12-transformed cells 30
5. Effect of NGEF on the Raf, Rho, Rac1 and Cdc42 activation 32
6. Interaction of NGEF with small GTP-binding proteins 35
7. NGEF is required for oncogenic H-Ras-induced cellular proliferation 38
8. Effect of NGEF on the Aggregation in NIH3T3 and oncogenic H-RasV12-transforming NIH3T3 cells 40
9. Effect of NGEF on the Colony formation in NIH3T3 and oncogenic H-RasV12-transforming NIH3T3 cells 42
10. Effect of NGEF on the Migration in NIH3T3 and oncogenic H-RasV12-transforming NIH3T3 cells 45
11. Effect of NGEF on the Invasion in NIH3T3 and oncogenic H-RasV12-transforming NIH3T3 cells 48
12. Effect of NGEF on the Angiogenesis in NIH3T3 and oncogenic H-RasV12-transforming NIH3T3 cells 51
13. Effect of NGEF on the Animal tumorigenesis 53
IV. DISCUSSION 56
V. REFERENCES 62
KOREAN ABSTRACT 65
Degree
Master
Publisher
조선대학교
Citation
김민지. (2009). The mechanism of NGEF function.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/8421
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000239198
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 3. Theses(Master)
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