하타요가의 쁘라나야마에 관한 문헌적 고찰

Abstract

Bibliographical Study of Prānāyāma of Hatha-yoga

Yoga is designed to acquire mental freedom using prāna actively by suppressing physical elements and considering the mental freedom as basic energy of the cosmos and origin of human vitality. Primary training method is breathing that receives prāna. Breathing is the best way to connect spirit, and physical bodies, and the cosmos and me, and we can be equal with the God by exercising prānāyāma. In haṭha-yoga that uses prānāyāma as a main training method, the yoga trainee usually exercises advanced level of āsana, which is significantly different from the original method of hatha-yoga. Therefore, this study is to exactly understand prānāyāma and confirm that ancient training method can be executed in real life instead of its being only in the scriptures, aiming to reconsider the disparaged judgement that the goal of hatha-yoga is to complete the physical training. The main body of the study examines the linguistic origin and meaning of prāna as it is very important in yoga training and the meaning of prānāyāma in an aspect of hatha-yoga based on bibliographies on yoga. And it examines training essentials of a total 11 kinds of training including Nadishodhana Pranayama and cautions while training. And the final section compares features and effects of each training method. This study examines āsana, bandha and mudrā relating to prānāyāma, and what effect prānāyāma has on human bodies and disease treatment and it is found that desirable breathing brings proper physiology and metabolism, and controls energy saved properly. Prānāyāma can adjust and control mind through control of prāna and give much help to physical, physiological and psychological health of yoga trainees. Hatha-yoga including prānāyāma makes bodies and minds healthy and helps with emergence of supernatural power, extinction of karma, samadhi, and moksha. So, if prāna is well adjusted through prānāyāma, bodies and mentality can be healthy and all the diseases will disappear.