도시 가로변 건축물 Facade의 색채이미지 평가 특성 연구

Abstract

Concern on urban colors is increasing with the improvement of quality of life, but it is difficult to decide color guideline due to subjective interpretation on the characteristics of color and the absence of systematic color plan causes the lack of consistency in color plan. Therefore, this study examines the characteristics and colors of building on urban street, analyzes color preference and image of street buildings by user group which experiences color environment with objective and quantitative methods and evaluates color image of street buildings between user groups. It aims to suggest rational direction of color image of buildings considering street characteristics and provide basic materials for increasing the effects of systematic color management and plan of streetscape.

The results of this study are summarized below. 1. As a result of examining current status of street, components of building affecting the streetscape such as use area, use, height and number of buildings were set as classification standards of types, cluster analysis (K-means method) was conducted with 7 groups classified.

2. As a result of examining color preference of buildings by street characteristics, all three groups showed positive preference only in type 6 and generally lower preference below 3.0.

3. As a result of evaluating image, in『street for service at high-rise building and commercial use』, professionals gave positive evaluation for ‘clean’, ‘ordered’, and ‘arranged’ image compared to two other groups and students showed negative evaluation for ‘dark’, ‘monotonous’, and ‘rigid’ image compared to two other groups. All three groups had ‘modern’ and ‘cold’ image and expressed negative image as ‘rigid’ and ‘monotonous’. In『street for low-rise shopping center and high-rise residence』, students evaluated it as ‘ordered’ and unified image, professionals as ‘consecutive’ and ‘stable’ image and the public as ‘ordered’, ‘bright’, and ‘intimate’ image, but all three groups evaluated it as somewhat ‘monotonous’ and ‘common’ image. In『mixed street for shopping center and high-rise residence』, professionals evaluated it as ‘modern’ and ‘calm’ and all three groups had negative evaluation of it as disharmonious, unaesthetic and inconsistent image. In『street for middle-rise commercial use』, all three groups showed stability and order with ‘cold’ and ‘dark’ image, but evaluated it as ‘rigid’ and ‘monotonous’ image. In『street for low-rise residence』, students had ‘clear’ and ‘dynamic’ image of it, the public had ‘simple’ image, and professionals and the public had ‘bright’ and ‘intimate’ image, but all three groups evaluated it as ‘disharmonious’ and ‘disarranged’ image. In『street for low-rise multiple use』, students evaluated it as ‘dark’ and ‘grayish’ image compared to two other groups and all three groups evaluated it as ‘consecutive’, ‘arranged’, ‘monotonous’ and ‘boring’ image. In『consecutive street for commercial and multiple uses』, students evaluated it as ‘cold’ and ‘complex’ image, professionals as ‘modern’ and ‘bright’ image, and the public as ‘bright’ and ‘varied’, but all three groups evaluated it as ‘disharmonious’ and ‘irregular’ image.

4. As a result of factor analysis which summarizes evaluation factors, in『street for service at high-rise building and commercial use』, students used such factors as coherence, variety, mildness, comfort, cleanliness and refinement, professionals used coherence, aesthetics, variety, personality, cleanliness, comfort and activity, and the public referred to factors such as coherence, comfort, variety, intimacy, refinement and activity. In『street for low-rise shopping center and high-rise residence』, students used such factors as coherence, comfort, refinement, variety, and activity, professionals used coherence, refinement, comfort, activity, stability, variety, and intimacy, and the public referred to factors such as coherence, comfort, activity, variety, stability and mildness. In『mixed street for shopping center and high-rise residence』, students used such factors as coherence, comfort, variety, refinement, and activity, professionals used coherence, variety, comfort, intimacy, comfort, and activity, and the public referred to factors such as coherence, comfort, variety, intimacy, activity and mildness. In『street for middle-rise commercial use』, students used such factors as coherence, variety, comfort, refinement, intimacy, mildness and activity, professionals used coherence, comfort, aesthetics, activity, variety, refinement and intimacy, and the public referred to factors such as coherence, comfort, refinement, mildness and activity. In『street for low-rise residence』, students used such factors as coherence, variety, comfort, refinement and mildness, professionals used coherence, comfort, variety, refinement, stability and mildness, and the public referred to factors such as refinement, comfort, coherence, variety and mildness. In『street for low-rise multiple use』, students used such factors as coherence, refinement, variety, comfort, activity and mildness, professionals used comfort, coherence, intimacy, mildness, stability, variety and refinement, and the public referred to factors such as coherence, variety, comfort, refinement, intimacy, mildness and activity. In『consecutive street for commercial and multiple uses』, students used such factors as variety, coherence, comfort, refinement, intimacy and activity, professionals used intimacy, variety, comfort, aesthetics and mildness, and the public referred to factors such as variety, coherence, intimacy, refinement and mildness.

5. As a result of regression analysis of factors affecting preference, in『street for service at high-rise building and commercial use』, all three groups showed the influence of 'comfort' and 'coherence' on preference. In『street for low-rise shopping center and high-rise residence』, all three groups showed the influence of 'comfort', students were influenced by 'coherence' and 'refinement', professionals by 'activity', 'refinement', and 'intimacy', and the public by 'mildness'. In『mixed street for shopping center and high-rise residence』, all three groups showed the influence of 'coherence', students were influenced by 'comfort', 'refinement' and 'variety', professionals by 'intimacy', 'variety', and 'mildness', and the public by 'comfort'. In 『street for middle-rise commercial use』, all three groups showed the influence of 'coherence', students were influenced by 'intimacy' and 'activity', professionals by 'refinement', 'activity' and 'comfort', and the public by 'comfort'. In『street for low-rise residence 』, all three groups showed the influence of 'coherence', students were influenced by 'comfort' and 'refinement', professionals by 'variety', and the public by 'refinement' and 'comfort'. In『street for low-rise multiple use』, all three groups showed the influence of 'coherence', students were influenced by 'activity' and 'comfort', professionals by 'comfort', 'mildness', 'variety' and 'intimacy', and the public by 'variety' and 'refinement'. In『consecutive street for commercial and multiple uses』, all three groups showed the influence of 'coherence', 'variety' and 'intimacy', students were influenced by 'comfort', and the public by 'refinement'.

With the above research, improvement methods of colors for street buildings depending on the street features of housing site development district can be summarized as follows. 1.『street for service at high-rise building and commercial use』was evaluated as 'grayish', 'rigid', 'cold', and 'monotonous' image with a series of colors, middle value and low chroma, and has low color preference, there should be color plan for enhancing 'coherence' and 'comfort' to improve its image. 2.『street for low-rise shopping center and high-rise residence』showed regular layout of high-rise residence and shopping center and colors of high-rise residence had a great influence on street. It was evaluated as having 'common', 'monotonous', 'stable', 'bright' and 'clean' image, but color plan for enhancing 'comfort' and 'refinement' should be considered. 3.『mixed street for shopping center and high-rise residence』, color harmony is most important due to discontinuity and irregularity of buildings. It was evaluated as having disharmonious, ugly and disarranged image and color plan for enhancing 'coherence', 'comfort', and 'variety' should be followed. 4.『street for middle-rise commercial use』had consecutive layout of commercial building, used similar materials and had stability and order, but it was evaluated as having 'rigid', 'monotonous', 'cold' and 'dark' image. Color plan considering variety of commercial uses and enhancing 'coherence', 'comfort' and 'activity' should be achieved. 5.『street for low-rise residential』used various materials, but it had not harmony of colors and was evaluated as having 'discontinuous', 'disarranged' and 'disharmonious' image. Color plan enhancing 'coherence', 'comfort' and 'refinement' in consideration of residential environment should be achieved. 6.『street for low-rise multiple uses』 used rates of finishing materials with similar form and similar granite and was evaluated as having 'consecutive', 'arranged', 'monotonous', and 'boring' image. Color plan enhancing 'coherence', 'comfort', and 'variety' in consideration of commerce on the 1st story and residence and service on the 2nd story should be conducted. 7.『consecutive street for commercial and multiple uses』 showed very irregular form without order in height and form of building uses and then coherence of street is strongly required. It was evaluated as having 'irregular', 'discontinuous', 'disordered' and 'disharmonious' and color plan with 'coherence', 'variety' and 'intimacy' should be followed.