한국어와 중국어 부정문의 대조 연구

Abstract

It is very important for us to understand the features of negation between Korean and Chinese, and to define their similarities and differences, in order to apply them in our real life. Thus, this thesis aims at analyzing in syntactical and semantical way the similarities and differences of usage of the Korean negatives such as ‘안’, ‘못’, ‘-말’ and Chinese negatives such as ‘不’, ‘没’, ‘别’.

1. Korean negation is syntactically divided into the long form negation and the short form negation. In the corresponding Chinese, they are united, so there is no division of the long form negation and the short form negation. But as Chinese negatives are so much various, the classification is also diversified. 2. In Korean, there are ‘안’ and ‘못’ negation, whereas in Chinese they are classified as ‘不’ and ‘没’ negation. ‘안’, ‘못’, ‘不’ negations all represent simple negation and intentional negation. ‘안’， and ‘不’ negation negate the qualities of things, basically being used with adjective. ‘못’ negation implies prohibition or indirect refusal. ‘没’ negation negates the occurrence of action or the realization of a state. 3. Korean ‘-지 말다’ and Chinese ‘别’ are negative imperatives, but with the petitionary sentences such as ‘-하지 말고 하면 좋겠다’, ‘-하지 말기를 원한다’. they can be used in assertive sentences. when ‘-지 말다’ is combined with the verb ‘하다’, the verb ‘하다’ is omitted. When Chinese '别' is used with adjectives the verb in front of a adjective is omitted. 4. The negation of Korean preposition ‘이다’ is ‘아니다’. The negation of Chinese special verb ‘是’ is used only with ‘不’. The location of the negative in ‘是.....的’ sentence form is decided according to circumstances it is used. 5. Polysemy is appeared both in Korean and Chinese negation. In order to escape from polysemy, Korean use auxiliary words ‘은/는’. Chinese escapes from polysemy by the location of a negative in the sentence.