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포도상 구균으로부터 분비되는 세린계열 단백질분해효소에 의한 혈관투과성 증가와 염증유발 사이토카인의 발현촉진에 관한 연구

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Author(s)
박종우
Issued Date
2008
Abstract
포도상 구균은 그람 양성균으로서 피부에 감염하여 여드름, 종기, 농가진 등을 유발할 뿐만 아니라 심하게는 폐렴, 패혈증, 골수염 및 독성쇼크증후군 등을 유발한다. 이러한 증상들은 포도상 구균의 감염 후 생성되는 여러 종류의 독소 및 효소에 의하여 발생하며, 숙주 체내에서 균의 증식 및 감염증 확산에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 새롭게 발견된 포도상 구균인 Staphylococcus aureus C-66 균주의 배양액으로부터 글루탐산을 특이적으로 인지하여 절단하는 세린계열의 단백질분해효소(VSPase라 칭함)를 황산암모늄 침전법과 HiPrep Q 그리고 gel filtration을 이용한 두 단계의 크로마토그래피를 통해 분리 및 정제하여 그 특성을 규명하였다. 정제한 단백질의 아미노말단 서열분석 결과, VSPase는 포도상 구균의 단백질 분해효소인 V8과 유사하다는 것을 확인하였으며, V8 효소의 염기서열을 바탕으로 합성한 한 쌍의 프라이머와 중합효소 연쇄반응을 이용하여 VSPase 유전자를 증폭한 후, pFLAG-ATS 발현벡터에 클로닝한 후, 대장균에서 재조합 VSPase를 발현시켜 순수 분리하였다. 포도상 구균의 배양액에서 분리한 VSPase와 대장균에서 생산된 재조합 VSPase는 동일한 효소활성을 가지고 있었다. VSPase는 다양한 혈장 단백질을 분해하는 활성을 지니고 있었으며, 발색기질(Z-Phe-Leu-Glu-pNA)을 이용한 실험 결과, 단백질에서 글루탐산의 카르복시 말단의 펩티드결합을 가수분해하는 단백질 내부 가수분해효소 (endopeptidase)임을 확인하였다. 이 효소의 KM 값은 0.910±0.07 mM 이였으며, kcat 값은 6.06±0.21 s-1였다. 또한 pH 6.0~8.5까지 넓은 범위에 거쳐 효소활성을 보였다. VSPase는 활성부위에 “세린-히스티딘-아스파트산”으로 이루어진 촉매삼인조(catalytic triad)를 지닌 세린계열의 단백질분해효소임을 부위이적 돌연변이 유도실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 119번째 히스티딘을 류신으로 치환시킨 H119L, 161번째 아스파트산을 알라닌으로 치환시킨 D161A, 237번째 세린을 류신으로 치환시킨 S237L 돌연변이 효소는 효소활성을 전혀 지니지 못 하였다. VSPase를 생쥐 대식 세포주(Raw 264.7 세포)에 처리하였을 때, 염증 유발 사이토카인인 TNF-a가 다량 생성되었으며, IL-1b, IL-12b 등의 발현도 촉진되었다. 또한 염증유발 케모카인인 MIP-2 및 염증 조절인자들인 cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)와 prostaglandin E2 synthase(PGEs) 등의 발현을 촉진시켰다. 이러한 사이토카인의 생성은 VSPase에 의해 활성화된 전사인자 NF-kB에 의해 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 항-IkB 항체를 이용한 면역블롯 결과, VSPase는 처리 후 30분에서 IkB의 분해를 유도하였다. IkB 분해에 의해 활성화된 NF-kB의 핵 내로의 이동은 NF-kB 결합부위를 지닌 올리고 뉴클레오티드 탐침을 이용한 전기영동 이동성-변화분석(Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays; EMSA)와 항-p65 항체를 이용한 super shift assay로 확인하였다. 기니피그를 이용한 실험동물 모델에서 VSPase는 1 mg의 소량에서도 투과성을 증가시키는 반면, S237L은 5 mg에서도 혈관투과성을 증가시키지 못 하였다. 이러한 결과는 VSPase의 단백질분해효소 활성과 혈관투과성 증가가 관련이 있음을 시사하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 얻은 연구결과들은 포도상 구균에서 분비되는 단백질분해효소가 이 균의 생체 감염과정에서 여러 가지 염증유발 사이토카인, 케모카인 및 염증조절자들을 유도생성시킬 수 있으며, 혈관투과성을 증가시킬 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다|Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium responsible for a majority of skin infections as well as causing toxic shock syndrome. In this study, a glutamate-specific serine endopeptidase (named VSPase) secreted by S. aureus sp. strain C-66 was purified and characterlized in terms of its involvement in the induction of inflammatory response and vascular permeability. VSPase clearly increased the expression levels of the genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a and IL-1b, and also up-regulated an inflammatory regulator cyclooxygenase-2 in their levels of transcription, as determined by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analysis. VSPase could induce the degradation of IkB resulting in the translocation of NF-kB proteins into nucleus, as judged by Western blot analysis and super shift assay with anti-p65 antibody, respectively. These results suggest that VSPase can activate NF-kB signaling pathway through the degradation of IkB proteins, leading the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an inflammatory regulator. Interestingly, wild type VSPase could cause an increased vascular permeability on guinea pig system in a dose-dependent manner, whereas its mutant enzyme S237L that was totally deficient in proteolytic activity could not, as examined by Miles assay. These results suggest that the vascular permeability caused by VSPase may be related to its proteolytic activity. Taken together, all results obtained by this study demonstrate that VSPase plays an important role in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory regulator through the activation of NF-kB and also can enhance a vascular permeability during the Staphylococcal infection.
Alternative Title
A serine protease secreted by Staphylococcus aureus evokes a vascular permeability accompanied with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Alternative Author(s)
Park, Jong Woo
Affiliation
일반대학원 생물신소재학
Department
일반대학원 생물신소재학
Advisor
이정섭
Awarded Date
2009-02
Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES·················································iii
LIST OF FIGURES················································iv
ABSTRACT·························································vi

I. INTRODUCTION·················································1

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

II-1. Materials······················································5
II-2. Cultivation of bacterial strains and Raw 264.7 cells··············8
II-3. Purification of native VSPase protease··························8
II-4. Cloning of VSPase gene·······································9
II-5. Construction of VSPase mutants with site-directed mutagenesis method························································9
II-6. Expression and purification of VSPase and its mutant enzymes······················································10
II-7. Protease activity assay ········································13
II-8. RNA extraction and reverse transcriptase-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) ·······································14
II-9. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)····················16
II-10. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting······························16
II-11. Preparation of nuclear extracts and electrophoretic mobility
shift assay (EMSA)···········································17
II-12. Vascular permeability assay···································18


III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
III-1. A Glu-specific extracellular serine protease named VSPase secreted by S. aureus sp. strain C-66
III-1-1. Purification of native VSPase································20
III-1-2. Cloning of VSPase and its mutant genes····················23
III-1-3. Expression and purification of recombinant VSPase
and its mutants·············································27
III-1-4. Enzymatic properties of VSPase·····························32
III-2. Inflammatory response caused by VSPase
III-2-1. Effect of VSPase on pro-inflammatory cytokines and
chemokine gene expression in cultured Raw 264.7 cells·······40
III-2-2. Effect of VSPase on PGEs and COX-2 mRNA
expression in Raw 264.7 cells·······························44
III-2-3. Activation of NF-kB by VSPase······························47
III-2-4. Induction of vascular leakage by VSPase·····················48

IV. 적요·····························································53

V. REFERENCES··················································55
Degree
Master
Publisher
조선대학교
Citation
박종우. (2008). 포도상 구균으로부터 분비되는 세린계열 단백질분해효소에 의한 혈관투과성 증가와 염증유발 사이토카인의 발현촉진에 관한 연구.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/8131
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000237883
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 3. Theses(Master)
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