범이론적 모형을 적용한 일부 초등학교 고학년 아동의 운동행위 변화단계 연구

Abstract

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to identify the distribution of stages of change(SC) in exercise behavior of school children, to present the possible associations between SC and motivational factors such as processes of change, decisional balance(pros and cons), and self-efficacy, and to identify the factors influencing on forwarding SC after adjusting related covariates. When all was said and done, we intended to testify an applicability of transtheoretical model(TTM) to exercise behavior of them in Korea. Methods: Subjects comprised all 362 of fourth- to sixth-graders among 3 elementary schools in Gwangju from whom we collected the data, using structured questionnaire included Korean Stages of Change Scale for Exercise and so on. Results: The distribution of SC of subjects were as follows; precontemplation stage(PC) 5.8%, contemplation stage(C) 21.5%, preparation stage(P) 35.6%, action stage(A) 11.9%, and maintenance stage(M) 25.1 %, respectively. As the results of ANOVA, all motivational factors except dramatic relief and pros of decisional balance, were significantly different by SC, and with forwarding SC, the scores of the factors such as cognitive and behavioral processes of change, pros and self-efficacy increased, and pros decreased linearly. As the results of logistic regression analyses with adjusting related covariates, the motivational factors influencing on transition from PC to C were total score of cognitive process of change, self-reevaluation, conscious raising; regarding that from C to P, cons of the decisional balance; regarding those from P to A, total score of behavioral process, counter-conditioning, stimulus control, which were very similar to the results of previous researches subjected other age groups. But, there was no motivational factors influencing on transition from A to M, and self-efficacy had no influence on forwarding SC. Of the covariates, the characteristics of children such as gender, BMI, perceived obesity of parents, concern to weight control had influened on forwarding SC. Conclusions: To sum up above results, we concluded that TTM would be applicable to explain the exercise behavior of some children in Korea, which suggested that it be useful in developing the programs to improve physical activities of Korean school children. But it might be required further research efforts to identify motivational factors to maintain exercise behavior adapted previously.