X-선회절 분석을 통한 광주ㆍ전남 지역 고건물의 단청안료 분석

Abstract

Modern pigments do not mock the unique color of past Dancheong. In former papers, not pigments but Dancheong patterns were mostly studied. There are not many papers about pigment analysis except conservation science studies in National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. To conserve the exclusive tone of Dancheong pigments, databasing the components of pigments used in the past is crucial. In this study, to examine the components of pigments used in Dancheong on old temples or buildings and practically use the data for research material, X-ray diffraction analysis on pigments were conducted. 67 Dancheong fragments as a sample were collected in 14 of temples, jegak, jeongja etc. As a result of composition analysis of pigments, chemical compounds from pigments can be classified by color. There are hematite(Fe₂O₃), minium(Pb₃O4) in red pigments, cerussite(PbCO₃), chamosite(Fe₃Si₂O5(OH)₄), daubreelite(FeCr₂S₄) in black pigments and crocoite (PbCrO₄), claudetite(As₂O₃) in yellow. In addition, sodalite(Na8(AlSiO₄)6(MnO₄)₂), albite(NaAlSi₃O8), nosean(Na8Al6Si6O24SO₄), nepheline(NaAlSiO₄) in blue, calcite(CaCO₃,), gypsum(CaSO₄ㆍ2H₂O), rutile(TiO₂), anglesite(PbSO₄) in white and eskolaite(Cr₂O₃) in green were observed. This study shows that in the case of red pigments, metallic elements or organic coloring agents were used in the basic white compounds such as anatase(TiO2), calcite(CaCO₃), gypsum(CaSO₄ㆍ2H₂O), rutile(TiO₂) in 1775 through 1900. After 1975 metallic elements were used as coloring agents. In the case of blue pigments, organic coloring agents were used in the basic white compounds such as anatase(TiO₂), calcite(CaCO₃), gypsum(CaSO₄ㆍ2H₂O) in 1667 through 1897. After 1900 C.I. pigment blue 29(Na7Al6Si6O24S₃), synthetic material, was used. In the case of white pigments, anglesite(PbSO₄), calcite(CaCO₃), gypsum(CaSO₄ㆍ2H₂O) were used by mixing each other in 1775 through 1900 and after 1975 each compound was used alone. Furthermore, when blending pigments, white pigments were used to make lighter color and other pigments were mixed each other to make another new color. It is observed that there are crocoite(PbCrO₄), eskolaite(Cr₂O₃), minium(Pb₃O₄), cotunnite(PbCl₂), anglesite(PbSO₄), castaingite(CuMo₂), nantokite(CuCl), cupalite(AlCu), lautite(CuAsS), alacranite(AsS), claudetite(As₂O₃), cinnabar(HgS) which include harmful heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Cu, As, Hg. They were used to prevent buildings from insects. Especially, compounds which have As or Pb have been used for several hundred of years.