光州 楊林洞 宣敎地域 近代建築의 特徵에 관한 硏究

Abstract

This study examines plane, elevation, materials and structural features with modern buildings in the areas of mission, education and medicine of 22 buildings built at Yanglim-dong under the influence of western Christian culture between 1900 and 1960s and analyzes the features of modern construction at Yanglim-dong by period and the results of this study are as follows. First, as private residence and church power were extended in the earlier period of mission, Bukmunan church was established, Speer hall, Soongil school and Jejungwon which was the matrix of Christian hospital were built as the parts of education and medical policies from the early 1910s to the early 1920s and Gumjeong church and Bukmunbak church were established by the extension of church power. In addition, Owen Monument and Cuttis Memorial Hall were built in this period. Buildings for education business such as Winsborough Hall, Special Classroom of Speer Girls' Middle School and auditorium of Speer Girls' High School were constructed from the middle and late period of 1920s. After that, churches by division of church and private residence buildings for missionaries were built by 1960s. Second, the plane forms of modern buildings at Yanglim-dong were rectangle (14), square (4), ㄱ type (3) and 丁 type (1) and the plane form showed no great difference depending on its uses. In addition, most of rectangle planes took symmetrical plane and emphasized authority and symbolism in the case of church and educational facilities. The location of access to buildings was mainly front access and educational facilities entered building, church entered building from Danbyun and residence entered building from front center. Third, plane form was found most frequently at western-style houses, followed by Korean-style houses and Korean-style + western-style houses. In case of Korean-style + western-style houses, stylobate and wall were built with brick and roof was built with Korean-style wood structure. Forms of roof were examined in various ways and it was found that plane form may be varied depending on structure rather than plane form. Most of vertical windows were used and square windows were partially found and the long and short length ratio of window was 1:1.76. The reason that vertical window and square window were used was due to structural stability because most of buildings had brick structure. In addition, ornamental factors of upper window part were found as circle, semi-circle and arch and applied mainly to vertical window. Fourth, the story of buildings was varied from the first to third floor. In particular, church buildings were three with the first story and the second story and one with ground/1st basement. Houses of buildings with basement were six, educational facilities were two and it was confirmed that house had basement. Wall and furniture structure were found at three places, brick structure at nine places, buildings combined with brick and reinforced concrete structure at nine places and house with brick and wood structure at one place. Fifth, architectural features by period were as follows. Gray bricks were used in most of building before 1920 and wall faced on the surface was prevented from contacting with surface and brick by underpinning stone materials on the wall. Buildings over the second floor had wood bottom frame and wooden stairs within the building, lintel and window frame were piled beside brick and upper part of lintel had circled arch. Wooden king post truss was used at the roof and Korean-style tile or copper plate were used as roof materials. The size of buildings was enlarged in 1921~1930, rectangular plane was increased and buildings equipped with concrete bottom plate to red brick structure were built in buildings over the second floor. Window sill and lintel were replaced with concrete and granite and plane arch and nib arch were evenly used at upper part of opening and moisture was prevented from brick by piling natural stone to about 50cm from the ground. Since 1930s, red brick and rectangular plane were used at all buildings and in case of houses, opening was located at the center of frontal side. When the building was constructed over the second floor, bottom and stairs were built with concrete and stone materials were not used on the surface by using red brick which is resistant against moisture. Since modern buildings like mission area at Yanglim-dong discussed in this paper exist a lot, research through regional comparison will be important materials to understand the characteristics and changes of buildings related to protestantism in the early period of missions.