한국 서남부지역 이중구연호 연구

Abstract

It was identified that pottery with two-fold mouth for which one mouth is laid over a turning mouth or a pivot is turned over a mouth was made in Baekje period. However, its remains were found in Han River and Youngsan River basins. As they were mainly found in south of Seoul than in Seoul, it was decided to be related to Mahan. These days, more excavated relics have been examined, through which it was found that a great number of the remains are distributed in South and Middle West. In particular, it was mainly found from remains buried in Youngsan River basin of Honam area and West Coast. And a small number of pottery with two-fold mouth are being excavated in Kyushu, Japan. In existing studies, pottery with two-fold mouth was mentioned along with accompanied remains or chronological record simply according to regions. No terminology on pottery with two-fold mouth has not been established yet, there was a difference in the periods of its creation between scholars and classification of its styles was simple. This study roughly classified the bottom of pottery with two-fold mouth and types of the body according to workings into eight to examine periodical and regional changes of each type. According to the existing data, the pottery with two-fold mouth showed changes according to periods and regional variations. The types were classified into Type A, Type B, and Type C, and Type a appeared in every type and every period. And Type C is shown in large jar coffins or large pots. For pottery with two-fold mouth, type a appeared first, followed by type b and c. And both the flat bottom and circular bottom appeared simultaneously, but the flat bottom was mainly used in early period. The body was changed as follows: A→B→C→D→E and projection disappeared later. The pottery with the two-fold mouth showed the following changes: ⅠA→ⅠB·ⅡA→ⅠC·ⅡB·ⅡD·ⅡC→ⅡE. In the early 3rd century, pit tombs with ditch began to appear in the middle and lower areas of Youngsan river and types were ⅠA, ⅠB, and ⅡA. After the middle 3rd century, the pottery with two-fold mouth was excavated and various types of pottery such as ⅠA, ⅠB, ⅠC, ⅡA, ⅡB, ⅡC, and ⅡD were excavated. After the middle 4th century, the number decreased remarkably, but 4 ⅡA and ⅡE were found and ⅡA was found in residential area of Honam region until the 6th century. Regionally, pottery with two-fold mouth of ⅠA, ⅠB, and ⅡA began to appear from pit tombs of early periods in west coast, and the middle and lower areas of Youngsan river, and after the middle 3rd century, type ⅡA, ⅡB, ⅡD, and ⅠC pottery appeared, having regional colors. Type ⅡA was found in middle and west area, type ⅡB in west coast, type ⅡD in residential area of the upper area of Youngsan river, and ⅠC in the middle and lower area of Youngsan river. And the pottery with two-fold mouth of type ⅠA, ⅠB, ⅠC, ⅡA, ⅡB, and ⅡC were found in pit tombs and type ⅡA was mainly found in the middle and west Korea, and various types were found in Honam region. The types of the pottery excavated from jar coffin tombs were less than those from pit tombs, and type ⅠB, ⅠC, ⅡA, ⅡB, and ⅡD were found. The pottery with two-fold mouth were used as grave goods or alternative coffins and found in Honam region. From residential areas, type ⅠA, ⅠB, ⅠC, ⅡA, ⅡB, ⅡD, and ⅡE were excavated. However, the number of type ⅡA were the most and most of them were found in residential area. The pottery with two-fold mouth were grave goods or alternative coffins in function, and used for storage in residential area. As no difference was found in quantity of pottery with two-fold mouth excavated from burial remains and residential remains, it is assumed that earthen wares were not produced separately for burial and living, but all the pottery of more than 20 ℓ was excavated from burial, which indicates that it was produced only for burial. Thus, the pottery with two-fold mouth have been excavated from pit tombs of the middle and west area, and residential area of Honam region in the 3rd and 4th centuries. And Honam has the largest number of pottery with two-fold mouth, and type ⅠA of early period was concentrated in the middle and lower area of Youngsan river, and west coast. As its various types were found in Honam, it is assumed that Honam is the first area where the pottery was produced and prevailed. And in the 3rd and 4th centuries when the pottery with two-fold mouth was mainly excavated, pit-style tombs in Honam region were changed into jar coffin-style tombs. The pottery with two-fold mouth appeared before old tombs were introduced and this region at that time was related to Mahan, rather than Baekje. This study classified types of the pottery with two-fold mouth according to bottoms and workings of body to identify its changes. The pottery was mainly excavated from pit tombs, pit tombs with ditch and residential areas in Honam region in the 3rd and 4th centuries, showing various types and regional variety. This study suggests that the pottery with two-fold mouth was first produced in Honam region and spread over the middle and west area of Honam region and Kyushu, Japan.