북한 고등중학교 국어 교과서의 어휘 연구

Abstract

As the period of national division lasts, differences in languages between South Korea and North Korea are found mainly in vocabulary. First and foremost, North Korea focuses on an instrumental function of its language as a powerful weapon to construct socialism. According to such differences in recognition, South Korea created new words based on the vocabulary that comply with tradition and convention of our society while North Korea created new vocabulary that fit for their political system and actively reflected them in its Korean textbooks. This study aims at identifying the system of vocabulary through a review of basic vocabulary and its general distributive aspect. For the purpose, this study conducts measurable examination of vocabulary from Korean textbooks for junior high school students in North Korea and an analysis of the current status. Therefore, this study focuses on the distribution of vocabulary in Koran textbooks, that is, ' measurement and system of vocabulary' For the measurement of vocabulary, it examines numerical aspects such as frequency lexeme appears and use rate. For the system of vocabulary, it examines a distributive aspect of vocabulary investigated to identify and describe its system based on classification of parts of speech and kinds of vocabulary. The results of this study are summarized as follows: Chapter 2 examines the linguistic view and policy of North Korea as the linguistic policy is closely involved in the linguistic view. It reviews influence of Russian linguistic theory on linguistic theory of North Korea, Kim Il-sung's linguistic theory and policy and Kim Jung-il's linguistic theory and policy. North Korea introduced Stalin's linguistic theory and adapted it to their social system. Stalin considers language as a mean of personal exchange while Kim Il-s대ng interpreted it as a powerful weapon to emphasize his independent linguistic thoughts. Therefore, as he thought national language is a powerful weapon, he resisted against bourgeois and reactive elements permeated into national linguistic life and tried to develop revolutionary language based on speech used by laborers and farmers. So he developed independent linguistic theory based on the instrumental view of language and implemented the linguistic policy adapted to the theory. The ultimate goals of linguistic policy of North Korea are: first, to realize independency of the great leader completely; second, to develop Joseon language more revolutionary; and third, to contribute to revolution and construction as a powerful weapon. Chapter 3 examines the distributive aspect of vocabulary. It analyses measurement of vocabulary followed by review of distributive aspect according to frequencies, parts of speech and kinds of language, characteristics of high-frequency vocabulary and distributions of vocabulary association. This table presents kinds of words and classification according to parts of speech in Korean textbooks. ◁표 ▷(원문을 참조하세요) This study divides words into native language, words written in Chinese characters, loan words, and hybrid for classification according to kinds of words. The hybrid is divided into native+Chinese’, ‘Chinese+native’, ‘loan+native’, and ‘loan+Chinese’. In particular, the loan words include 34 unit words and 100 yearly words. According to grades, there are 8 for 1st grade, 12 for 2nd grade and 14for 3rd grade. The most frequently appearing word is 'Bus' and it appears 21 times. Necktie appears 6 times and 'Apartment' appears three times. There are five which appear two times and the rest of the words appear once. The frequency of unit words is not very high except 'Bus'. For the loan words used in Korean textbooks of middle schools in South Korea, there are 89 unit words for 1st grade, 64 for 2nd grade and 112 for 3rd grade. For the yearly words, there are 221 for 1st grade, 138 for 2nd grade and 325 for 3rd grade. The unit words for the entire grades are 219 and yearly words are 6254. The frequency of unit words is much lower compared with that of South Korea, which results from the linguistic policy led by Kim Il-Sung's independent linguistic view. Chapter 4 speculates differences in vocabulary used in Korean textbooks between South Korea and North Korea. The differences are divided into ‘difference by language regulations’, ‘difference due to compound words’, ‘difference due to organization of vocabulary’ and ‘ difference due to social systems’ . The difference due to language regulations is divided into differences in ‘listing consonants and vowels’, ‘listing combined words’, ‘listing words written in Chinese characters’, ‘notation of loan words’. The difference due to compound words is categorized into differences in ‘compound nouns’, ‘compound verbs’ and ‘compound adjectives’. The difference in organization of vocabulary is categorized into differences in ‘cultural elevation’ and ‘making words’. This study suggests that the vocabulary policy after the unification should accommodate the vocabulary elaborated by North Korea as plural standard language based on language enrichment policy in terms of inheritance of national tongue.