러시아의 에너지자원 개발 실태와 한ㆍ러 간의 협력방안 연구 : 석유, 가스 중심으로

Abstract

As the current status of high oil price has continued, overseas resources development has been highlighted as one of major political tasks to be dealt with by the government for stable securement of future energy resources. Korea is importing 97% of energy resources required because of lacking energy resources and nearly 80% of petroleum from the Middle East. So, the energy induction lines should be diversified and the cost should be reduced through long-standing stable energy supply system and reduction of transportation expense. If diplomatic relations between Korea and the Middle East areas or Indonesia from which most of the gas is imported are broken, a big problem will happen in supply of our petroleum and gas. At this time, what is an effective plan to be presented by our country to deal with the problem? That is, what policy should Korea take to secure stable supply of resources? As petroleum and gas are very limited resources that can be obtained only in particular areas, security of petroleum and gas is important. Meanwhile, Russia is blessed with energy resources. In particular, Russian government has prepared basic policies on energy development at East Siberia and the Far East area and is preparing basic plans on oil and gas fields development, and construction of pipes and how to fund them. As the Far East and Siberia, neighbor our country geographically, energy cooperation between Korea and Russia which are big energy consumers should be reinforced for Win-Win composition. Therefore, this study aims at finding an ideal plan of cooperation according to new energy policy of Russia. The new energy policy presented by Russian government focuses on energy saving and efficiency, and reorganization of energy industry. In particular, a reform of inefficient industrial systems of monopoly undertaking, one of the major problems of Russian energy industry, is a major task of the new energy strategy. Success of Russian economic development strategy depends on increased efficiency according to reorganization of energy industry. Therefore, Russian government focuses on the role of the energy industry in each economic developmental stage. That is, the core of the new energy strategy is to progress Russian economic development through development of energy industry. The basic direction of Russian energy policy is to prepare conditions in which potential of energy industry export is maximized for economic recovery and growth. That is, when it introduces an active market economic system to energy industry, new energy technology and overseas capital should be induced to improve competitiveness of domestic energy business and it should prepare the plan to develop foreign resources and to actively go ahead to international energy markets. For this, Russian government is planning diversified energy markets based on its international bargaining power. It intends to have efficient energy cooperation composition with CIS countries which are traditional energy resources export areas within existing energy cooperation frame and to expand it toward European and Asian countries. And Korea, Japan and China have many common things in policies on energy security and recognize importance of energy security. They are pursuing diversification of supply sources to lower their dependencies on the Middle East. However, compared with Japan which has pursued various methods of participation for 30 years to secure crude oil and natural gas from the Far East and East Siberia, and China which is actively considering actual participation, the efforts of our country are insufficient. Therefore, our country should prepare our national energy security strategy and joint information network to provide personal data based on persons concerned of residential countries or success examples for our private business for induction of interest in overseas resources development and investment. And we should specifically analyse development strategies of the Far East and East Siberia of Russian government, change in investment environment relating to resources development and Russian long-term energy development plan, and prepare a Northeast Asia energy cooperation road map for further development of energy resources.