남한의 북한이탈주민을 위한 지원정책에 관한 연구

Abstract

In the 1990s, the change of socialism area begun by reform economy of China and Soviet Union has resulted in the collapse of Eastern Europe socialism countries and formed new world order of compromise and cooperation from cold war confronting structure of the camps of the East and the West. This new world order enlarged the trend of international politics that is changing to the one world and actual benefit diplomat centered on market economic principle, which made the closed socialism system of North Korea be unable to control North Koreans any more. Furthermore, Kim IlSeong's death in 1994 enfeebled the basis frame which had kept North Korea's structure, and natural disasters that had been continued for 5 years such as cold-weather damage, hail, flood, drought damage and so on issued in food disaster, energy hardship, foreign money hardship, shortage of necessities of life in the North Korea area, which brought minus economic growth and a serious economic crisis, and food shortage and made a newly coined word called North Korea secession inhabitants. According to official statistics, North Korea secession inhabitants are calculated to 100,000 persons. Among them 8,104 people (out of 8,403 persons immigrating to South Korea, basis of May, 2006) inhabit in South Korea and the rest are scattered in the third countries such as China. The purposes of this study are that first of all I compares foreign countries' supporting cases about foreign emigrants with those of our country so that North Korea secession inhabitants who enter South Korea through ChinaㆍRussiaㆍthe third countries can settle fast and smoothly in South Korea society, and then I draw problems from it and prepare the profitable policy meeting the occurrence of large scale North Korea secession inhabitants in the future, and lastly I suggest recognizing North Korea secession inhabitants who stay in the third countries as refugees and internationally meeting way such as the establishment of ghetto in the third country. Futhermore local government and non-governmental organizations(NGO) must make North Korea secession inhabitants assimilate with South Korea residents so that they may settle in South Korea society in the early stage. Therefore we need to develop cooperation program which they can share with local residents, use helpers to settle in the local society, and prepare vocational training and Incentives in order for them to draw out their independent spirit and self-activities. Those provisions encourage them to be free from the tendency to avoid labor and be independent from national dependence and reduce heterogeneity and differences coming out of sociocultural, economical and political backgrounds and settle successfully in South Korea. Korea society needs such concern, support and reeducation. The conclusion of this study is that we should develop the proper policies in order for North Korea secession inhabitants to live comfortably and we should develop the reasonable programs and improve the policies by comparing researches of experts with the cases of foreign countries so as to reduce trial and error.