전남 장흥 방촌마을 전통가옥 안채의 평면변용에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study is to examine transformational conditions of main room of traditional Korean houses at Bangchon village, grasp changes of spatial components, classify types of plane transformation and trace features of transformation. The results of this study are as follows. First, traditional houses at Bangchon village were built between 1910 and 1960 and arrangement of rooms was mainly twisted ㄷ-type and consisted of main room and 2～3 attached buildings. When they were built, main building had 4～6 rooms in front and 1～3 rooms to the side and consisted of 7 spatial factors including main room, small room, kitchen and floor. Second, components of main building increased to 8 from 7. It was found that kitchen room, store room and floor were reduced and room and warehouse were increased and bathroom, boiler room and toilet were added. So it was known that components of main building were maintained centering around necessary space of housing life and living convenience space. In particular, kitchen shows the various integration and division of room by changes of life. Store room and kitchen room were absorbed into small room and kitchen or changed into sanitary space. Frequency of transformation of each room was kitchen (84%) > kitchen room (76%) > main room (63%) > store room (56%) > small room (47%) > veranda (44%) > floor (17%). Third, mean area of components of main building was increased to 161.93 from 102.53 and according to increase rate by each factor, warehouse (125%) > small room (33%) > kitchen (14%) > main room (10%) > store room (8%) > floor (7%) > veranda (4%) and the area of kitchen room showed decrease of 6%. Fourth, change of plane at main building showed three types including internal adjustment type, extension type and mixed type a 17 houses except 2 maintaining original form. Internal adjustment type means changing use and size of room by demolishing or building internal wall structure. Extension type means addition of room to side or back of existing plane and mixed type is mixture of internal adjustment and extension types. The number of houses by types was mixed type (13 houses) > internal adjustment type (2 houses) = extension type (2 houses) and extended factors are bathroom (11) > boiler room (8) > warehouse (6) > toilet (5) > room = utility room (3). High frequency of mixed type suggests that quantitative transformation of unit area according to indispensable demand of housing life and qualitative transformation giving living convenience occurred indiscreetly. Such a transformation was affirmative in the side of meeting residents' demand for housing life, but it might damage uniqueness of traditional Korean houses in the aspect of preserving them. Therefore, professionals' support and legal research considering demand of housing life for preservation of traditional village and residents' life are continuously needed.