북한 연방제 통일방안의 변화 연구

Abstract

This study examines federation system insisted by the north Korea as a plan of unification of the Korean Peninsular. After the division of the Korean Peninsular was firmly defined, the North Korea brought about Korean War as a means of unification driven by military power, suggesting democratic base in North Korea, but its goal was not accomplished. After that, the North Korea presented "Peaceful Unification" as a principle of unification and suggested "General Free Election of the South Korea and the North Korea", but it was rejected by the South Korea because of opposite relation between two parties. So, Kim Il-sung suggested a federation system as a transitional stage of unification at Independence Congratulations in 1960. The federation system was very transitional as a plan of preparation for the situation that the general election was not accepted by the South Korea. It was a means to implement the general election. After that, the North Korea insisted both general election and federation system at the same time until the middle period of 1970s when it suggested entry of UN with the national name of Democratic Confederal Republic of Goryeo for the first time. However, though there was an exceptional opportunity such as joint statement of the South Korea and the North Korea in 1972, they did not have any progress because they used an issue of unification politically. The federation system suggested by the North Korea was transitional until 1970s while Democratic Confederal Republic of Goryeo presented through the 6th Party Congress in October 1980 was changed into a complete federation system of unified country. Compared to the past, it suggested a unification plan containing ten administrations plans including power and functions of federal government relatively specifically. However, economy of the North Korea which had been behind that of the South since 1970s Korea was deteriorated due to collapse of East Communism by reform and opening of the Soviet Union in the middle period of 1980s. Politically, the North Korea had to have defensive attitudes because of unification of the East Germany and the West Germany. Under such worse conditions, Kim Il-sung suggested Loose Confederation which showed possibility of reinforced power of local governments unlike Democratic Confederal Republic of Goryeo to respond to unification discussion more flexibly while maintaining the frame of Democratic Confederal Republic of Goryeo at New Year's Greetings in 1991. However, his sudden death in 1994, food problem and strong foreign policy of U.S.A. against the North Korea further deteriorated the condition of the North Korea. In 2000, as the summit talk of the South Korea and the North Korea was conducted and lower-stage federation with similar level and form to national union was suggested through 6.15 Joint Statement, it was believed that a solution of unification was found. However, opposition and conflicts between the South Korea and the North Korea on interpretation of Section 2 of the joint statements that recognized that there was a common thing in their unification plans worked as an obstacle of unification discussion. At present, discussion on unification did not have any progress because of deteriorated domestic and international conditions of the North Korea since 6.15 Joint Statements. The federation system of the North Korea was formed under national and international relations including the South Korea and the North Korea relations rather than under independent political administration by the North Korea. The federation system has changed depending on who dominated the initiative and there is much possibility that it may change according to future political directions of the South Korea and the North Korea relations.