영화에 나타나는 성격장애 주인공의 캐릭터 이미지 분석에 관한 연구

Abstract

Make-up in a movie indirectly delivers psychological conditions of characters to be represented and the plot of the movie, and shows visual information on characters in the movie. All the information including historical background of a movie, and properties and identities of characters are represented through make-up as an implicative symbol of a theme of movie. This study carried a complete analysis of characters by connecting features of characters to personality disorder and psychotic elements based on the abnormal psychology to examine the influence of personality disorder on decision of characters and a flow of movie. For the purpose, this study selected 8 movies where main symptoms of characters with personality disorder and clinical features are strongly showed of the movies which deal with Cluster B Personality Disorder and categorized them into four parts according to types of personality disorder. We targeted the movies which were domestically introduced and popular with personality disorder as a material of movies as follows: Silence of the Lambs, The in 1991’, and ‘Cape Fear in 1991’, movies of antisocial personality disorder, Gone with the Wind in 1939’, a histrionic personality disorder movie, ‘Basic Instinct, 1992’, 'American Psycho in 2000’ movies of narcissistic personality disorder, ‘The Devil Wears Prada in 2006’, ‘ 37˚2 in 1986, Betty Blue (37˚2 Le Matin)’ a movie of borderline personality disorder, and ‘ Faceless Beauty in 2004’ and examined what influence clinical features and main symptoms of personality disorder have on formation of character images of heroes. First, we examined features of personality disorder according to types of the disorder.

First, persons with antisocial personality disorder use violence for their interests or purposes and repeat lies and fraudulent behaviors. They are very aggressive and violent, hurt or abuse others but they do not feel guilty of their behaviors at all. Second, persons with histrionic personality disorder are uncomfortable when they are not a focus of a situation and use physical attractiveness to attract others' attention. They show quick change of their emotion, and use exaggerative expressions frequently. Third, as persons with Narcissistic personality disorder think they are special and distinctive, they want to be specially treated and consider other people as inferior. They feel jealous of and mad at the people with better ability, and tend to take care of their job completely and strictly. Fourth, persons with borderline personality disorder show extreme and aggressive behaviors because of strong fear of being abandoned and do not concentrate on one thing. They are impulsive and can not control themselves. And they have unstable psychology in their identities and personal relations, and live in illusion as a dreamer. Then this study examined features of characters in each movie through makeup:

First, for images of absentmindedness and coolness to represent the characters of Hannibal Rector, Buffalo Bill, and Max Cady in Silence of the Lambs, The in 1991, a movie of antisocial personality disorder and Cape Fear in 1991, skin makeup of heroes was pale and bright, and to emphasize characters of revengefulness and violence, they wore tattoos on the whole body. Their hair was short and curled in brown to show absentmindedness and stubbornness. Rector wore a blue prison uniform to show isolation from the world and a white shirts when he attempted to escape from the prison, which means his psychological status of having no guilty conscience. Max wore red clothes, which represent his revengeful and violent nature. Second, makeup and hair styles for Scarlet O Hara and Catherine in Gone with the Wind and Basic Instinct, movies of histrionic personality disorder, were colorful and unique to attract others' attention. And they wore colorful and refined dresses as it was important for them to be looked attractive to others. Third, Patrick and Miranda in American Psycho in 2000 and The Devil Wears Prada in 2006, movies of Narcissistic personality disorder, wore black and white suits and dresses and perfect skin makeup through strict self-management to represent refined and noble images. Patrick back-combed his hair and Miranda wore short hair to highlight their refined and elegant images. They wore prestigious brand suits to represent themselves as special according to time, places and occasions. Fourth, for images of the characters in 37˚2 in 1986(Betty Blue / 37˚2 Le Matin) and Faceless Beauty in 2004, movies of borderline personality disorder, makeup of black, red, brown, and pastel colors were used to represent undulation of emotions. Extremely blown hair, softly curled hair, straight long hair and cropped hair, deep red, black, brown and bright and light colors were used to represent the psychological status of the heroes. Based on the results, this study suggested that personality disorder in each movie plays a symbolic role in forming character images of heroes and becomes a theme that directors intend to signify and represent through movies. It is very effective to represent the plot of the entire movie and there are a number of similarities between character images and clinical features and main symptoms of each personality disorder. Make-up for movies has developed enormously along with development of film industry, but we have few data on character images, studies and theoretical grounds on analyses of personality in diverse points of view. Therefore, this study suggests that intensive and organized academic research on makeup for movie should be developed based on sufficient data collected and plans of research and specific methodology should be proposed to represent character images of heroes. Character images in movies should be analysed and decided based on abnormal psychology and the character images analysed should be connected to color psychology, makeup, hair and costume. It is suggested that we can have more professional makeup for movies if the results collected are used for real make-up.