玉峯 白光勳의 交遊와 時文學 硏究

Abstract

Baek Gwang-hoon, who was born in 1537 (the 32nd reign year of King Jungjoon) and died in 1582, was a poet and calligrapher of Honam area in the 16th century. He was judged as a central poet of Samdangpa. His pen name is Ok-bong and a brother of Ki Bong Baek Gwang-hong (1521~1556) who was a literary person at that time. There have been many studies on Baek Gwang-hoon in terms of topics, influences, Chinese-style emotion and acceptance of poetry, and character of his poetry. However, this study is to identify the world of poetry pursued by him through his poetry on companionship. For the purpose, it analysed companionship poetry presented in 「Okbongjib」. This study found that there are 293 poems with 269 topics on companionship and the targets of companionship were 118 literary persons and 40 monks. This study analysed his poetry based on the works on persons who had much relation with Baek's life of the persons who had companionship with Baek. In addition, this study reorganized the world of his life shown in his poetry through the poetry on families. Baek Gwang-hoon was from lowly families, but he was outstanding in writing poetry from when he was young and was taught by many famous teachers to pass national examinations. When he was five, he was first taught by Jung Woong-seo who lived in Okcheon, Youngam. Then, he was taught by Sam Park Soon, Songchon Yang Ung-jung, Sohae No Soo-sin and Cheong Ryun Lee Hwo-baek who had a great influence on formation of his sense of the world. In addition, he advocated poetry with Seokchun, Im Uk-ryung, and expanded the extension of literary world. The lessons by Park Soon and Yang Ung-jun had a great influence on the formation of his writing style, but he learned integrity from them.It is believed that he learned what true Confucianism is and what he should learn to pursue it from Lee Hoo-baek and No Soo-shin. Such efforts were found when he advised his children to read 「Sohak」 which emphasizes the importance of good behaviors or 「Analects of Confucius」 as an important textbook. It is suggested that he admired Im Uk-ryoung when he wrote a few poems on his hermitage he advocated. Likewise, this study found that friendship with his teachers and senior literary persons is reflected in his life and poetry. In particular, the reason why Baek Gwang-hoon was recognized as a poet writing Chinese-style poetry is based on the thoughts found from his teachers. It is assumed that they had significant friendship although Baek's old friends were younger than him living in Honam area. His old friends are Go Juk Choi Gyeong-Chang, Baek ho Im Je, and Gungye Yang San-hyeong. Choi Gyeong-chang who he studied with from when he was young was a friend whom he discussed internal emotion and they understood and cared each other. The friendship with Jung Cheol whom he was taught with by Yang Eung-jung had a great influence on his life pursuing Zen. Through the friendship with Im Je who had liberal life for his whole life, he could represent admiration of music and poetry. Friendship with Song Cheon when he was young, and with Yang San-hyeong when he was grown up are thought to make his life in the country abundant. It is thought that friendship with Choi Gyeong-chang, Im Je and Jung Cheol had influence on each others' world of poetry by training their character and forming sympathy. Friendship of Baek is categorized into friendship with friends of Leemonhoiwoo which consisted of famous literary scholars and Buddhist monks. The friendship at literary cycle is related with famous literary scholars such as Go Dam Lee Soon-in, Manjook Seo Ik, Yang Sa-un and Yang Sa-ki, and Son Gok Lee Dal. Poetry on friendship with Lee Soon-ik, Seo Ik and Yang Sa-ki represents the admiration through high integrity and intention to lose elegance of noble scholars in spite of suffering. Through friendship with Lee Dal who was a member of Samdangpa, he was to sympathize with life while sharing the life as a wanderer. It is found that he reflected his life on monk cells or pavilions, pursued the life of hermitage as a Utopia and accepted the sense of loss generated by the real world as it was through speculation on his poetry. This study found that such life was derived from companionship with literary persons and Buddhist monks at that time. The friendship with Buddhist monks are shown in poems on 40 monks. which show consistent self-reflection through companionship with friends in mundane world, encouragement of learning with each other and life of the monks. The Zen world shown in his poetry on companionship helped him to have experiences of liberation and transcendence out of the fetters and suffering of the mundane world, and provided a base to pursue the wonder in writing poetry. This is the internalization of scholastic mind through pursuance of Zen world and elegance of unworldliness and hermitage life pursued by Baek Gwang-hoon. The love to his family is configured as missing for hometown and family in his life full of wandering as seen in 「Hoihyang」 and 「Yonggansa」. In addition, love to his children and brothers are shown in the letters to him and many different poetic works. In particular, the letters written by Baek Jin-nam, his second children, who loved by Baek Gwang-hoon the most show earnest missing for his fathers It is meaningful that Okbong describes specific and personal emotion felt in actual life through poetry on Companionship with friends. This study concludes that Baek Gwang-hoon's world of poetry has a great meaning in Chinese literature history of Korea in that he describes emotion of life through poetry and prepares his independent world of poetry, which led to sublimation of literature into pure art.