매천 황현의 시문학 연구

Abstract

This study is to reconsider poetry of Maecheon Hwang Hyeon (1855-1910). It speculates representative styles of subjects in his poetry, attitudes in writing poetry and literary beauty, and identifies succession and suggestive status of his poetry. Therefore, this study reorganizes senses as a poet through approaches on various topics in addition to studies on patriotic poetry. It also identifies characteristics aspects of his poetry through his attitude and literary beauty. To identify his literary achievements, it summarizes his life and world of poetry. Maecheon Hwang Hyeon was a patriot and patriotic poet, criticising the trend of his society in Hyangri. This study is to recognize his life as a poet and make further speculation on the world of his poetry beyond existing recognition on him. His ancestors were royal subjects and patriots including Hwang Hee, but in his generation, his family was reduced to humble family. Therefore, this grandfather dedicated his life to his education, expecting that Maecheon will bring family honor. Maecheon was also enthusiastic about studies. Therefore, he asked Wang Seok-bo who was famous at that time to teach himself. This relations were maintained for his whole life and this meeting led to friendship with Lee Jung-jik, Lee Gi, Yoo Je-yang in Honam literary circle. Maecheon progressed to central literary circle, which was a chance to test his study and literary activities and expand his life. That is, through friendship with literary persons such as Gang Wui, Kim Taek-young, and Lee Gun-chang, he dominated the literary circle at that time. He witnessed corruption of the government himself, which was a chance to promote his criticizing tendency. His criticism was maximized when he returned home, feeling aversion to the corruption of the government. That is, his patriotic knowledge and critical viewpoint were revealed through anxious mind and seclusion. He was able to build his own world of poetry that identified his time properly with objective attitude while secluding himself in Hyangri for his whole life. However, Maecheon stopped his seclusion at his late period and attempted to enter reality. He intended to change his style of life through movement to Wolgok, Gurye, finishing the living in the mountain named Mansudong. He planned to find his way through change of his recognition on the time which was rapidly changing from his style of temperate living. However, he did not attempted to negate or change his whole life, but wanted to find means to adjust to the changing trend of the time toward the real world. He focused on finding more active methods to save the country, which was part of his anxiety. He recognized necessity of new study to save his nation. He was to find the way of natural change while guarding against unconditional acceptance of new civilization. So, his change had a great meaning to education on new study pursued by his junior scholars. However, his change lost its meaning in the face of the dispair of 'Gyeongsulgukchi' before his change showed effective results. Therefore, he passed away, not finding further ways as a scholar who had studied for his whole life and feeling guilty of the falling of the country as a literary person. His life was shared with fetters of history, and he sang daily living and lyricism of the nature, reflecting his time. Representative methods to describe subjects of his poetry were examined: First, he represented criticism and patriotism to love the people and the nation in his poetry. He wrote poetry on suffering of farmers and criticism on rapid change. Next, his poetry presented models of history. Here, he presented models which overcame national disasters through promotion of past heroes who saved nation. He also highlighted heroes at that time with battles and examples of the defeated dynasty. Finally, he showed confidence in national history and culture to represent his love to the people and nation. Second, this study speculates his family and daily living. This needs various approaches as it was simply dealt with in previous studies. Here, he showed love to his family. Then he showed simple elegance through his poetry. There are poems that describe love to his parents, wife and younger brother. He also wrote about simple daily elegance, in which living aspects are represented. And, he attempted to configure miscellaneous affairs and described sensual experiences through his poetry, in which he mainly sang miscellaneous affairs and things. Third, this study examines poetry on taste of landscape and journeys. They describe obeyance to and elegance of the nature like painting. He expanded his lyrical mind and described lyricism through journeys, which are poetry with high dignity and from which we can read his changed aspects. As they have not been carefully discussed, it is expected that this study will be a stirring device to study his poetry. Through the study above, we can understand that his critical and patriotic tendency was changed little by little since his middle years. By examination on his writing attitude and literary mind, we can organize his life. That is, let's consider his writing attitude from his young years to middle years. The poetry in his young years showed ambition and resentment at its fullest. Therefore, he pursued poetry which criticizes reality by So Dong-pa through as elaboration of poetic words and pursuit of character. At this time, he wrote poems to describe strong and ambitious mind, which can be identified through evaluation by various masters at that time. That is, Maecheon was recognized as having the liberal, energetic and strong world of poetry. Such literary beauty was a device to acquire audacity and wit. Since his middle years, he changed his style of writing and followed poetry of Yuk You, pursuing the aesthetics of freshness. Through attention to Yuk You, he changed his world of poetry into the world of quiet and fresh beauty. That is, he sang daily living and natural lyricism for his whole life. It was intended to overcome being cablistic which was remarkably revealed in Song Dynasty style poetry as he pursued So Dong-pa. Therefore, he was to find an alternative in clear and quite Dang style poetry. Such change was definitely revealed through evaluation by famous masters at that time. That is, in respect to his literary beauty, he was widely recognized as writing poetry of freshness and delicacy. Such literary beauty was to pursue the beauty of quite and freshness. He controlled emotional flow and did not use prose style of writing. That is, as picturesqueness should be emphasized and ringing of sound should be clear in writing poetry, he used echoic words and mimetic words to sing softness of rhythm felt outside the poetry and sound of the nature heard inside the poetry. This study speculates the subjects and trend of Maecheon's poetry and identifies its characteristic aspects. Through his activities with literary scholars, we can understand that his mind of poetry was inherited to resistance movement against Japanese imperialism and poetic activities. And through recognition of literary persons at that time, it is suggested that Maecheon's poetic mind and achievements were the center of Honam literary persons. Thus, it is expected that this study will contribute to reorganization of his suggestive status through reconsidering his poetry.