東學運動의 民族主義的 性格에 관한 硏究

Abstract

We live amidst high waves of nationalism. But nowdays much self-interested and unfair respects of the nationalism can be found over the world rather than resonable or promising respects of it. Since 16 century, almost every political structures of modern world have consisted of national-states. Human beings have had the object of political loyalty throughout all periods of history, and conversed it into nation-state in modern period. This phenomenon made the present age called the period of nationalism. Externally the nationalism,however,has never been advocated by most nations. On the contrary, the Internationalism or Cosmopolitanism is being claimed. But most nations are controlled by the nationalistic interest. So it is obvious that they are simply the sects of nationalism. In this situation it is a anachronistic attitude to regard the nationalism as an old fashioned thinking. Therefore, it is most important task that as citizen of modern world we must overcome this nationalism successfully. I think that we need to find the Korean nationalism of democracy underlying the thought of Dong-hak. It is the orthodox thought of our own for these task and present the view of life newly. The thought and movement of Dong-hak is not prescribed as one of religious faith movement for the simple mission on the basic nature or one of the revolutionary movement temporarily for the social reformation. Rather, it is shown that people understand the systematic expression for self-consciousness and coming to their senses for the neglected and the disregarded ultimately with democratic nature, that is to say, the democratic movement in Korean nationalism. Consequently, this study was investigated into four items and detailed research contents are as follows : Fist, this study shows that we found out the historical background of Dong-hak for approaching in the aspects of Korean nationalism included the thought of Donk-hak. Second, Through this study, we illuminated the korean nationalism about the human respect, human equality, women's esteem connected with the dignity of man in the democratic principles added to this basic one. Third, this study was found out the process of development in Korean nationalism after the foundation of Dong-hak's thought. Fourth, this study was found out what the thought of Dong-hak had an influence on the historical value and meaning. This study was done by the literature to achieve this purpose, and the materials were searched through books, papers, publications issued by many scholars. In concrete brief, we inquired into background of formation in the time and thought on Dong-hak before we found Sicheonju and Innaechon, the basic thoughts of Dong-hak, which mean changing God-centered and God-based thought in the past into Human-centered and human-based thought. They are the basic thoughts of Dong-hak which give relief to the people from all kinds of disease components in society, and they contain the innovational thought to make it the better, to relieve people through protecting the nation and to live in peace. Therefore, the democratic thought of humanism underlying the basic thought of Dong-hak is the best Humanism known as“man is Hanulim??meaning the equality between people and Hanulim. This is the declaration of human rights implicated the most modernized principle in democracy with the non-classed principle, which means no one else can be infringed all the basic rights to desire human equality, dignity, subjectivity and freedom. In addition, this encouraged despised women to be set free, humanized and respected and gave them the development and role in their new life, so they had decisive opportunity to realize their self-consciousness assuming the pursuit of freedom and happiness by themselves. The admonishment displays the importance of personality in schools, families, societies. Dong-hak with the equal thought of democracy played a pioneer role in the democratic society through a lot of democratic activity by several reform movement and new cultural one. And we can inquire into the suggestive point affecting the current activity by democratic thought of Dong-hak. First, it needs the conviction in the importance of humanization and the democratization in the method of guidance as the subject of life. Second, Sinchongu, Innachon, Dong-hak was put emphasis on equality thought of all the people, which denied all the discrimination and meant everybody can be Hanulim. ; And on account of the respect in women and a children, we can say it presents the direction that a new viewpoint of women and a children's personality can develop today's democratic system more maturely. Third, Dong-hak brings forth the importance of social value in society living together with them for the people called the subject of life, along with the establishment of lifelong democratic system that the experience of life is just the democratic one.