간호에서의 돌봄의 특성 : 윤리적 측면을 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to speculate characteristics of care in nursing through application of feminine ethics, in particular, Gilligan- and Noddings' care ethics. These days, technical medicine centering on treatment and cost effects of medical services are excessively focused and nursing is specified into one of professional jobs, which seriously causes dehumanization and aristocratic phenomenon. As a reaction against it, some movement to identify essence of nursing is rising and what is suggested as the nature of nursing is a concept of care. Although there is difference in suggestions between scholars, most of the nursing scholars suggest the nature of nursing is care. Care is an ontological characteristic that defines the essence of nursing and at the same time an ethical characteristic of moral value of nursing. It is because care is accompanied by moral sensation such as anxiety and sympathy that people positively participate in experiences of the subjects and as well, attention, defense and contact are nursing behaviors which are developed from moral property of care. In addition, caring behaviors need understanding of subjects as weak physical beings and giving responses. therefore, caring behaviors that response to suffering are thought to be moral planning. Gilligan identified moral problems as a problem of personal relations, and to resolve the problems peacefully, we have to have relations between persons who have personality and further, and suggested that we need to have caring behaviors. It is thought to be persuasive to explain caring in nursing. The relations between nurses and patients are achieved through meeting between persons with different personalities. Therefore, nurses should be responsible for the relations to resolve the needs of care between nurses and patients and through communication with the patients, nurses should identify what the most necessary behavior for patients is and be responsible for it. However, Noddings suggested that internal care which is accepted as a possibility of myself through transposition of understanding from my existence to others' existence is a true care. And that is the meaning of practical nursing from the concept of internal care that we can find. To understand patients completely and provide care for them, nurses focus on real existence of patients beyond themselves and based on the need of care, they have to provide nursing care. Gillian suggested that the ethics of care inherent in human relations and Noddings speculates totality of patients that has been overlooked by medical field that has been affected by medical science. Care in feminine ethics is a moral attitude that sympathizes with, accepts and considers patients in others' places and finally, which is to maintain relations with myself and others, in which me and others coexist. In nursing care, nurses and patients have influences on each other and grow together rather than the former provide only medical treatment through maintaining relations between them. These days, according to the logic of market economy, in medical fields where effective management strategy for profit pursuit is considered as important, the ethics of care leads us to speculate ethical characteristics of nursing which practices care in relations for good life.