마을圈域單位 所得事業 活性化를 위한 新會社制度 導入에 관한 硏究

Abstract

농촌마을의 過疎化와 농어촌 인구의 高齡化 등으로 沈滯된 農村社會를 回復하기 위하여 施行하고 있는 農村地域開發事業 중에서 一般農山漁村開發事業이 대표적인 事業이다. 이러한 一般農山漁村開發事業 중에서 마을圈域單位綜合整備事業은 同一한 生活圈․營農圈을 가진 수 개의 마을을 事業對象地로 묶어 기초생활기반 확충, 지역경관개선, 지역소득증대, 지역역량强化 등 多樣한 機能의 綜合的인 整備를 통해 窮極的으로 지역주민의 삶의 질을 향상시키는데 있다. 마을圈域綜合整備事業의 多樣한 機能事業 중에서도 지역소득증대사업이 농산어촌 지역주민의 所得水準을 높이고 삶의 滿足度를 높이는데 있어서 무엇보다 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 그러나 마을圈域 所得事業은 法人設立에 있어서 農業法人의 基本的인 設立要件 이외에 시설비 보조금 支援을 받기 위해 特殊 設立要件을 갖추어야 하기 때문에 物的․人的 力量이 不足한 圈域 주민만으로는 充分한 資本力과 經營能力을 갖춘 競爭力있는 企業設立과 더하여 經營에 根本的인 限界가 있다. 또한 從來 營農組合法人이나 農業會社法人 株式會社의 法人形態로는 圈域 주민들간의 緊密한 協業的 經營과 함께 容易한 資本 擴充을 要求하는 새로운 企業需要에 充分히 對應할 수 없는 問題點을 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 硏究에서는 이러한 問題點을 改善하기 위한 代案으로서 마을圈域 所得事業의 特殊性을 반영하면서 外部로부터 物的․人的 資産의 擴充과 企業經營을 容易하게 할 수 있도록 商法上 會社制度를 中心으로 마을圈域 所得事業法人이 企業設立段階에서 부터 人的․物的資源을 强化하고 容易한 企業經營이 가능한 企業形態로서 또한 마을圈域 所得事業 活性化에 適合한 會社制度는 무엇인가에 관하여 硏究를 遂行하였다. 本 硏究에서는 2006년도부터 현재까지 전국적으로 400여개 圈域에서 施行되고 있는 一般農山漁村開發事業 중에서 마을圈域單位綜合整備事業 중 所得事業으로 추진되어 設立된 마을圈域 所得事業法人에 대한 經營實態 分析과, 住民意識 調査 및 마을圈域 所得事業法人의 設立上의 問題點 分析을 基礎로 하여 마을圈域 所得事業法人의 設立形態別 適合度 檢討를 통해 마을圈域 所得事業法人의 開放的 設立方案을 提示함으로써 마을圈域 所得事業 活性化를 會社制度 導入의 必要性을 提案하였다. 이러한 提案을 위해 本 硏究에서는 마을圈域 所得事業의 特殊性을 反映하면서 外部로부터 物的․人的資産의 擴充을 容易하게 調達할 수 있도록 法人設立段階에서 부터 會社法制 導入에 관한 適合度 分析을 실시한 결과, 2011년 ‘改正 商法’을 통해 導入된 새로운 會社의 種類로서 ‘有限責任會社’ 制度를 ‘농어업경영체 육성 및 지원에 관한 법률’에 따라 設立된 農業會社法人의 새로운 會社 設立形態로서 導入을 假定하여 만든 ‘農業會社法人 有限責任會社’ 및 農業會社法人 株式會社가 營農組合法人, 農業會社法人 合名會社, 農業會社法人 合資會社, 農業會社法人 有限會社 등 다른 法人形態 보다도 마을圈域 所得事業法人에 가장 適合한 法人 設立形態로 나왔다. 따라서 ‘農業會社法人 有限責任會社’를 마을圈域 所得事業法人의 새로운 法人設立 形態로 導入할 수 있도록 ‘농어업경영체 육성 및 지원에 관한 법률 시행령’ 제17조의 農業會社法人의 種類에 商法上의 有限責任會社 制度를 導入할 수 있도록 改正할 필요가 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 얻게 된 마을圈域 所得事業 活性化를 위한 所得事業法人의 開放的 設立方案은 무엇보다도 從來 農業法人의 類型으로는 限界가 있는 農産漁村地域의 마을圈域 所得法人의 企業設立形態에 있어서 事業의 實效性을 가져올 수 있는 企業設立 모델을 提示하였다는 점에 意義를 가지며, 그 결과 外部로부터의 開放的인 人的․物的 資産 擴充과 容易한 企業體 組織經營을 통하여 마을圈域 所得事業法人의 企業競爭力 向上을 期待할 수 있는 점에 있다.|The Integrated Village unit Projects is the representative of the Comprehensive Village Development Projects to be implemented for a recovery of the depressed rural society by the phenomena of fewness and aging in rural village. The Integrated Village unit Projects of this Comprehensive Village Development Projects is purposed to improve the quality of rural community life by integrated development on a various function of “basic living-foundation’s expansion, rural community-landscape’s improvement, rural community-income’s expand, rural community-capability’s reinforcement”with holding plural village together with a same life zone and a same farming zone. The rural community-income’s expand business is the most important in improving the general status of rural community’life, among the various function’s projects. But the rural community-income’s expand business is fundamental1y limited in competitively foundation of company and management with a sufficient capital strength and management ability by rural community resident of lacking material and human capability, because of being qualified for agricultural corporation’ conditions of establishment as well as agricultural corporation special conditions of establishment for receiving government aid for the cost of equipment. Also the conventional form of corporation as agricultural association corporation and agricultural corporation incorporated have a problem not to cope enough with a new need of company, be required for close cooperation management between rural community’residents and easy expansion of a capital. Therefore this study on the new company system in the Integrated Village unit Projects is performed by the alternative for improving these problems, reflecting the specialty of rural community-income’s expand business and being able to expand material and human capability, and easy company management around the business Law. This study proposed an alternative for the new company system in the Integrated Village unit Projects of the comprehensive village development projects, and it has been implemented since 2006 in rural clustered villages more than four hundred all over the nation, by the Goodness-of-Fit Test for various types of company Establishment concerning Income-based Business corporation in the Integrated Village unit Projects, on the ground of the analysis on the actual state of management and residents' consciousness survey and the analysis on the problem of setting-up corporation. In this study for proposing this alternative was haven the Goodness-of-Fit Test to draw the profitable type of setting-up corporation in reflecting the specialty of rural community-income’s expand business and being able to expand material and human capability, and easy company management around the business Law, and it follows that not only Farming Company Corporations-Corporation but also Farming Company Corporations-Limited Liability Company under the 2011 revised Commercial Law, by a new assumed type of setting-up corporation in Agricultural and Fishing Company-promotion and support Law, is well fitted for Income-based Business corporation in the Integrated Village unit Projects than Farming Organizations, Farming Company Corporations-Unlimited Partnership Company, Farming Company Corporations-Joint-Stock Company, Farming Company Corporations-Limited Company. So, it needs to revise article 17 of 'Agricultural and Fishing Company-promotion and support Law enforcement ordinance', in which to includes Limited Liability Company on the Commercial Law, to Introduce 'Farming Company Corporations-Limited Liability Company' by a new type of setting-up corporation for Activation Strategy on Income-based Business in the Integrated Village unit Projects The meaning of Study on the new company system in the Integrated Village unit Projects is most to propose the alternative model, which being able to meet new demands for the special company type of setting-up corporation on Income-based Business in the Integrated Village unit Projects at rural zone to be limited by a old Agricultural and Fishing Company type of setting-up corporation, and we can expect the improvement of enterprise competitive power of Income-based Business Company in the Integrated Village unit Projects by expanding material and human capability and easy company management.